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Kultura i Wychowanie
|
2021
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vol. 20
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issue 2
87-104
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wynik próby wykorzystania dramy w pracy z nieśmiałymi dziećmi. Opisuje indywidualne przypadki dzieci nieśmiałych oraz to, jak wpłynęły na nie dramaty i pomogły im przezwyciężyć nieśmiałość. Druga część artykułu przedstawia ogólne wnioski z badania i zawiera wskazówki dla nauczycieli, jak pracować z nieśmiałymi dziećmi za pomocą dramy. Na koniec formułowane są pytania do dalszych badań.
EN
The article presents the result of an attempt to use drama when working with shy children. It describes individual cases of shy children and how drama affected them and helped them to overcome their shyness. The second part of the article outlines the general findings of the study and offers tips for teachers as to how to work with shy children using drama. Finally, questions for further research are formulated.
EN
Shame is a feeling, it is definable in the areas of psychology, history of culture, and customs in the analyses of the history of religion and ethics. Shame defines the relationship between the object of shame and the subject of this feeling and, ultimately, the subject may not feel ashamed because of an act or a fact, which is not, for him or a certain moral and religious community, understood as a reason for shame. A slightly different, but also related to the concept of ‘shame ‘, is the notion of ‘bashfulness’ understood as a human capability to feel shame to the same extent as the pursuit of other virtues: love, being sensible, faith, chastity, hope, but also humility, modesty and silence. ‘Bashfulness ‘ is an integral part of the condition of a decent, fair and noble life, which in the Roman social education was defined by one common virtue – ‘virtus ‘, known in Greece as ‘arete’. The Christian understanding of virtues and vices, described by Prudentius and later on studied in detail in various texts and works of art by E. Saxl, and A. Katzenellenbogen, specified in detail both virtues and vices at the same time following ancient models. The author undertakes the analysis of the phenomenon of ‘shame’ in the visualisation of Christian, especially medieval, art starting from the accounts of important biblical citations on the ‘shame’ theme. Then she attempts to point out stage images illustrating the religious or moral problem of shame commonly referred to nudity, which, however, is not a proper understanding of shame and bashfulness. The study focuses on selected issues: personification of shame and on the events (described in the Old Testament) which imply shame. The selected images are illustrations of Genesis cycle where the First Parents’ feeling of embarrassment was depicted. The author indicates the sources of ancient compositions of the Aphrodite statue- -Venus Pudica, which developed the topos of ‘shame’ and ‘bashfulness’ imagery. This type of nudity constitutes a distinctive programme of gestures, movement, counterpose and the composition of the head. They are a clear visualisation of the female ideal – of virtues, including the virtue of an ideal love that was associated with bashfulness. The validity of this theme in Italian medieval art, especially in Nicola and Giovanni Pisanos’ works, was pointed out. The personifications of virtues: Venus Pudica or Hercules shown on reliefs in pulpits in Pisa, confirm the validity of the theme of ‘bashfulness’ in medieval art. In the cathedral sculpture, on the outer facades, the sets of virtues and vices used to be depicted, and they were supposed to be addressed to the wide audience of urban publikum. The author of the study pointed out the reliefs of cathedral facades in Paris, Amiens, Magdeburg in which the virtues, including the virtue of shame, had been presented. The columns in the Church of the Norbertine monastery in Strzelno are of great significance for European art. The author also suggested a new iconographic interpretation for the naked figure of Venus pucica. The second field of research is the issue of narrative scenes, the visualisations of nudity based on the Bible, that constitute a positive sense of understanding naked figures in Christian art: Bathsheba in bath, the dancing King David, the suffering Job and the naked, drunken Noah. The author focuses on the analysis of the complex and non-uniformly presented Adam and Eve’s narrative of the feeling of shame. The moments when they experience the feeling of shame and their nudity for the first time are diversified. The author of the Book of Genesis does not mention first parents’ other feelings in paradise, the only statement is the lack of being ashamed of their body at the moment of creation and then the experience of shame after the original sin. The author included more extensive research on the visualisation of the Genesis narrative in her book Human Corporeality in the medieval Italian painting, Vol.I, Lublin 2012. The experience of the first parents’ embarrassment when recognising their nudity was, at the same time, the experience of a permanent virtue of bashfulness. In the Italian series of Genesis imaging the parents experience grace due to the shame they suffered. Additional scenes, which were introduced into cyclical narratives of Genesis and which confirm the meaning of Divine Mercy in the cycle ending the creation of man, are pointed out in the study
Kultura i Wychowanie
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2019
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vol. 15
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issue 1
213-224
EN
This article analyses the image of a shy child of pre-school age and the scope of assistance provided to him/her by the pre-school education teacher. The difficulties that a shy child faces in pre-school are discussed and pedagogical solutions advanced.
PL
W niniejszym artykule dokonano analizy obrazu dziecka nieśmiałego w wieku przedszkolnym i zakresu udzielanej mu pomocy ze strony nauczyciela edukacji przedszkolnej. Opisano, z jakimi trudnościami zmaga się dziecko nieśmiałe w wieku przedszkolnym, i na tej podstawie wskazano proponowane oddziaływania pedagogiczne wobec dziecka nieśmiałego w wieku przedszkolnym ze strony nauczyciela.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi refleksję nad rolą teatru w pracy socjoterapeutycznej z młodzieżą zagrożoną niedostosowaniem społecznym. Ukazuje projekt teatroterapeutyczny „Młody Książę” realizowany w Krakowie w roku szkolnym 2016/2017. W artykule przedstawiono także rolę projektu w poszerzaniu autonomii i niwelowaniu nieśmiałości adolescentów zagrożonych niedostosowaniem społecznym oraz zaprezentowano wyniki badań prowadzonych w obszarze tychże czynników.
EN
This article is a reflection on the role of theater in sociotherapeutic work with young people at risk of social maladjustment. “The Young Prince” theater-therapy project is being implemented in Krakow from October 2016 to June 2017. The article also presents the role of the project in extending autonomy and eliminating the shyness of adolescents at risk of social maladjustment, as well as the results of research conducted in the area of these factors.
5
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Trudności ucznia nieśmiałego

84%
EN
This study concerns the issue of shy students. This problem and its consequences are often played down by school authorities, including teachers. The article focuses on showing shyness as one of the manifestations of educational difficulties.  The concept of shyness has been defined and attention has been paid to the specifics of this phenomenon and the problems faced by shy students. A shy student is described as polite, tactful, and even worth imitating, meanwhile shyness can have a very negative impact on a young person's life. Therefore, it is necessary to sensitize teachers and educators to the needs of a shy student and the need to take special educational actions towards him / her.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie jest poświęcone problematyce nieśmiałości wśród uczniów. Problem nieśmiałości i konsekwencje, jakie za sobą niesie, są w dużej mierze bagatelizowane przez środowisko szkolne i pomijane przez nauczycieli. W artykule skoncentrowano się na ukazaniu nieśmiałości w kategorii jednego z przejawów trudności wychowawczych. Zdefiniowano pojęcie nieśmiałość i zwrócono uwagę na specyfikę tego zjawiska oraz problemy, z jakimi borykają się uczniowie nieśmiali. Uczeń nieśmiały określany jest jako grzeczny, taktowny, a nawet godny naśladowania, tymczasem nieśmiałość może mieć bardzo niekorzystny wpływ na życie młodego człowieka. Konieczne jest zatem uwrażliwienie nauczycieli i wychowawców na potrzeby ucznia nieśmiałego i konieczność podjęcia wobec niego specjalnych oddziaływań wychowawczych.
PL
Niniejszy tekst poświęcony jest trudnościom dzieci w integracji społecznej. Dorośli, którzy odgrywają znaczące role w wychowaniu dzieci, muszą być w pełni świadomi, jak ważne są czynniki zewnętrzne, które mogą pomóc uczniom poradzić sobie z trudnościami w integracji. Rozpoczęcie edukacji jest ważnym etapem w życiu każdego dziecka, a sposób, w jaki to osiągnie, będzie w znaczący sposób decydować o jego przyszłości. W niniejszym tekście odnaleźć można również kilka wskazówek, jak zorganizować dziecku pomoc w taki sposób, by nie czuło się ono inne bądź odrzucane przez rówieśników.
EN
This paper discusses the difficulties with social integration of children. Adults, who play major roles in child's upbringing, have to be fully aware of the importance of external factors that can help pupils cope with hardships of integration. The beginning of education is a milestone in life of each child and how he or she undergoes it, will be significantly decisive on his or her future. In this work one can also find some hints on how to help a child in such a way so that it would not feel like a stranger or be rejected by peers.
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