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1

Właściwości i zastosowanie estrów celulozy

100%

Ciabach J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1990

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issue 1

50-52

EN

In the article the tw o most important cellulose esters are discussed: nitrocellulose and acetylcellulose. Their physical and chemical properties are given. Their general use and their use in historical object preservation are described, with a list of reference works being included. Particular attention is paid to the very small stability of nitrocellulose and the problems connected with the storage and preservation of nitrocellulose photographic film.

2

Metoda kolodionowa w fotografii i konserwacja negatywów kolodionowych

88%

Garztecki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1971

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issue 1

25-34

EN

The wet collodion photographic process developed in 1851 was used by Polish professional photographers still as late as about 1880. The chemical features involved within this process are highly complicated as to their nature for reactions occurring in emulsion during its sensitizing are many-sided and as the collodion method has been abandoned already several years ago they have not been investigated exhaustively enough. Thus it can be said that the problem of preservation of collodion negatives confines itself to slowiug-down of processes resulting into decomposition of nitrocellulose forming an essential component of emulsion during the process may be observed a spontaneous eduction of nitric oxide, and besides to protection of negative glass plates against the harmful chemical effects exerted by environment in which they are stored and also against the contaminations from atmosphere. As the first and highly important preventive measure inhibiting the self-destruction of nitrocellulose should be quoted storing of negatives at the constant and as low as possible temperatures and relative humidities at the same time providing them with adequate ventilation to remove the gaseous products of decomposition. The temperature not exceeding + 18°C and humidity of 40 to 45 per cent may practically be considered as satisfactory. Under these conditions the limits of collodion negative life may be estimated as high as for some hundred years. Nevertheless, it is necessary to keep in mind that negatives covered with varnished emulsion prove to be considerably less durable. The environmental protection as its chief objective should have the eliminating from the negative store atmosphere the nitric and sulphuric oxides as well as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia (i.e. industrial contaminations) peroxides evolved by the softwood, floor polishing pastes, oil paints, varnishes and also some cosmetics. All the above-mentioned gases are causing decolonization of picture produced on plates by deposits of silver compounds or are leading to formation of stains on negatives. Another important factor is the quality of paper used for wrapping the stored negatives. To this purpose should be used paper manufactured from pure cellulose and having neutral reaction. Both the envelopes and boxes should be prepared without adhesives to prevent the harmful chemical effect of glues used for their manufacture. The cases for storing negatives should be made of metal sheet and provided with holes enabling their adequate ventilation. As the most abundant collection of collodion negatives in this country may be listed that including over 5,000 pieces representing the 19th-century views of Cracow, portraits of Cracow personalities, folk types, monuments of the town’s ancient art and s.o., constituting once a property of an atelier owned by the outstanding photographers family of Kriegers. It is quite obvious that the above-mentioned collection not only requires the care as the museum piece but also should be copied in whole on the modern photographic materials thus enabling to perpetuate the historical heritage it contains as its subject.

3

Negatywy kolodionowe w zbiorach Biblioteki Kórnickiej – charakterystyka, zniszczenia oraz działania na rzecz ochrony

51%

Kozielec T., Nalaskowska M.

Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej

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2022

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issue 39

127-158

EN

The article presents issues related to the collection of over 200 collodion negatives made on a glass support in the so-called wet collodion process, housed in the Kórnik Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kórnik. It describes the collodion process, which was invented in 1851, the characteristics of collodion negatives, and the themes presented on objects from the Kórnik collection. It subsequently discusses the characteristic damages of collodion negatives, with the most dangerous deposition of alkaline compounds on the surface of the glasses, which causes the destruction and loss of the image layer. It further presents the preservation activities carried out on the objects from the Kórnik collection including conservation treatments, photographic documentation, and photographic prints from the originals (1:1) on highly sensitive bromosilver-gelatin paper toned with selenium and Digigraphie prints. In conclusion, attention is drawn to the necessity of the continuation of research, conservation and restoration works on the collection of negatives.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane ze zbiorem ponad 200 negatywów kolodionowych wykonanych na podłożu szklanym w technice tzw. mokrego kolodionu, przechowywanych w Bibliotece Kórnickiej PAN w Kórniku. Opisano technikę kolodionową, którą wynaleziono w 1851 roku, cechy charakterystyczne negatywów kolodionowych, a także tematykę przedstawień na obiektach pochodzących ze zbioru kórnickiego. W dalszej części artykułu omówiono charakterystyczne zniszczenia negatywów kolodionowych, wśród których za najbardziej niebezpieczne uznano wysalanie się związków zasadowych na powierzchni szkieł, co powoduje niszczenie i utratę warstwy obrazowej. Opisano działania przeprowadzone na zbiorze kórnickim w postaci prac konserwatorskich, wykonania zdjęć cyfrowych i odbitek fotograficznych z oryginałów (1:1) na papierach wysokoczułych bromosrebrowo-żelatynowych tonowanych selenem oraz wydruków w technice Digigraphie. W zakończeniu zwrócono uwagę na konieczność kontynuacji badań i realizacji konserwatorskich, a także restauratorskich na zbiorze negatywów.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej

1 Ciabach J.

1 Garztecki J.

1 Kozielec T.

1 Nalaskowska M.

1 2022

1 1990

1 1971

Właściwości i zastosowanie estrów celulozy

Metoda kolodionowa w fotografii i konserwacja negatywów kolodionowych

Negatywy kolodionowe w zbiorach Biblioteki Kórnickiej – charakterystyka, zniszczenia oraz działania na rzecz ochrony