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EN
This paper focuses on recently proposed similarity measures and their performance in categorical variable clustering. It compares clustering results using three recently developed similarity measures (IOF, OF and Lin measures) with results obtained using two association measures for nominal variables (Cramér’s V and the uncertainty coefficient) and with the simple matching coefficient (the overlap measure). To eliminate the influence of a particular linkage method on the structure of final clusters, three linkage methods are examined (complete, single, average). The created groups (clusters) of variables can be considered as the basis for dimensionality reduction, e.g. by choosing one of the variables from a given group as a representative for the whole group. The quality of resulting clusters is evaluated by the within-cluster variability, expressed by the WCM coefficient, and by dendrogram analysis. The examined similarity measures are compared and evaluated using two real data sets from a social survey.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki analizy związków między wybranymi zmiennymi realnymi a nominalnymi w polskiej gospodarce w latach 1997-2011. Większość zidentyfikowanych zależności przejawia się z opóźnieniami w czasie. Wzrost gospodarczy zależy w głównej mierze od czynników należących do realnej sfery gospodarki. Na spadek bezrobocia wpływa wzrost PKB oraz inwestycje. Wzrost stopy referencyjnej NBP powoduje spadek inflacji, lecz ma ujemny wpływ na wzrost PKB. Inflacja jest zjawiskiem przede wszystkim monetarnym, zależy głównie od wzrostu podaży pieniądza. Wzrost zadłużenia zagranicznego Polski skutkuje wzrostem podaży pieniądza.
EN
The article presents results of the analysis of links between selected real and nominal variables in the Polish economy in years 1997-2011. Most of the identified dependences appear with delays in time. Economic growth depends mainly on real economy factors. GDP growth and investments impact on the decrease of unemployment rate. The rise of central bank reference rate causes a decrease of inflation rate, but has a negative effect on GDP growth. The inflation is a monetary phenomenon, depends mainly on money supply. The increase of polish foreign debt causes money supply growth.
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