The article contains a hybrid structure of checking worked out on the basis of existing solutions: verifications for granting access to classified information and procedures for issuing an industrial security clearance before companies will start to work with foreigners. The hybrid structure of checking illustrates that cooperation of appropriate government agencies with NGOs could give Poland tangible benefits on many fields. But it can be achieved only when there will be no interference to their scope of duties. It is shown that the application of best practices and makes the necessary corrections to errors, will introduce a state of better security against criminal groups.
PL
Artykuł zawiera hybrydową strukturę sprawdzeniową wypracowaną na podstawie istniejących rozwiązań z zakresu: sprawdzeń udzielania dostępu do informacji niejawnych oraz procedur wydania poświadczenia bezpieczeństwa przemysłowego przed przystąpieniem firm do wykonywania prac z obcokrajowcami. Hybrydowa struktura sprawdzeniowa obrazuje, iż współdziałanie odpowiednich instytucji rządowych i pozarządowych bez wzajemnego ingerowania w zakres swoich obowiązków może dać Polsce w perspektywie bardzo wymierne korzyści na wielu płaszczyznach. Przedstawiono, iż zastosowanie sprawdzonych procedur z wprowadzeniem niezbędnych poprawek do wykazanych błędów wprowadzi również stan lepszego bezpieczeństwa wobec grup przestępczych.
Welfare in Poland has had a fairly long history. An analysis of the transformations in its approach and practical actions in this sphere embraces the period after World War Two. It was characteristic of the Polish People’s Republic to destroy any grass-roots initiative with regards to welfare. The state closed down many charitable institutions, limited their rights to represent the citizens’ interests. Then it took over the tasks of welfare, and became its only subject. The period of a thaw and gradual rebirth of independent social organisations took place in the 1980s due to an unprecedented fall in the level of living standards and limited aid from the state. The 1990s saw further restoration and development of charitable organisations together with civic initiatives. The state had also changed its approach to welfare, as it was manifested by the law of 1990. The present welfare system has the following features:– it is decentralised, the majority of tasks is conveyed to smaller administrative units,– defining the social risks entitled to welfare,– the claims of many needs,– dismantling the monopoly of the state in welfare and its subsidiary character,– a considerable participation of non-governmental institutions in welfare.
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