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Humanity and inhumanity of the sign: two views of man

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Švantner M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2023

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vol. 71

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issue Special_issue_1

9-39

EN

The present article centers its focus on the conceptual clash involving selected definitions of the human and the non-human within the field of sign theory, particularly examining two nearly paradigmatic perspectives: structuralist semiology and Peircean semiotics. The text’s argumentation critically departs from the conventional viewpoint put forth by Ernest Cassirer. This perspective, widely prevalent not only in the humanities but also in the social sciences (e.g., M. Weber, T. Parsons) and even the natural sciences (e.g., T. Deacon), frequently regards the “symbol” as the defining boundary between the human and the non-human. The discussion further delves into the context of structuralist anti-humanism, which endeavors to redefine subjectivity by drawing from structural linguistics. Offering an alternative perspective to both Cassirerian and structuralist views of representation, the article introduces the semiotics of C. S. Peirce. According to John Deely, who serves as the primary source of inspiration for this paper, Peirce’s semiotics opens the door to a distinct, inferentialist, and methodologically more comprehensive understanding of the sign and the symbol, reshaping the understanding of the relationship between humans and the world inhabited by entities that, while they do not possess language, are capable of making inferences and employing signs – whether they be animals or machines. These nonlinguistic, non-representational yet communicative entities largely remained inconspicuous within structuralist semiology. Asubjective structures, seemingly waiting to be infused with human meaning, to be fully represented within the concept of language, to become subjects in a supposedly universal science of signs. At this juncture, the text departs from structuralist premises and, aligning with Peirce’s perspective, follows Deely in proposing that what sets apart human comprehension of signs from other forms of sign-interpretating agencies is the capacity to understand the sign as a sign. In essence, this represents the unique ability of human animals, even if unconscious, to engage in semiotics.

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PRZEKROCZYĆ GRANICĘ: MONSTRUM FRANKENSTEINA Z POWIEŚCI MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY

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Gemra A.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2016

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vol. 42

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issue 2

153-165

EN

The novel titled "Frankenstein" (published in 1818) written by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley is one of the earliest and the most important piece of writing where the problem of the human - nonhuman appears. It is the problem of the being whose existence raises doubts of ethical and ontological origin. The reason for this is that this kind of creature is the source of existence of many different entities - not only of the human kind. While reading the novel by Shelley the questions about the limits of knowledge, life and death are posed, however, the most important thing here is that it calls for the definition of what it means to be human, for the definition of the word "humanity".

PL

Powieść Frankenstein (1818) Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley jest jednym z najwcześniejszych i najważniejszych utworów, w których pojawia się problem człowieka nie-człowieka: bytu, którego istnienie budzi wątpliwości natury etycznej i ontologicznej. Nosi on bowiem w sobie istnienia wielu stworzeń – nie tylko ludzi. Lektura powieści Shelley każe stawiać m.in. pytania o granice nauki, życia i śmierci – a przede wszystkim o istotę człowieka, o definicję człowieczeństwa.

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"Člověk pokouší krajinu": možnosti ekopoetiky v díle Jiřiny Haukové

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Machová M.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2023

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vol. 71

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issue 6

744-767

EN

This study explores the possibilities of an ecocritical reading of the work of the Czech poet Jiřina Hauková (1919–2005). Despite the position of Jiřina Hauková’s poetry in the canon of modern Czech poetry, her poetry has not yet been analysed from this perspective. The starting point for the study is contemporary Anglo-American thinking on “ecopoetry” and “ecopoetics”, which emphasizes the exploration and systematic revision of our intimate yet ambiguous relationship with the natural world and a complex grasp of the otherness of this world.

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1 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

1 Rocznik Lubuski

1 Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

1 Gemra A.

1 Machová M.

1 Švantner M.

2 2023

1 2016

Humanity and inhumanity of the sign: two views of man

PRZEKROCZYĆ GRANICĘ: MONSTRUM FRANKENSTEINA Z POWIEŚCI MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY

"Člověk pokouší krajinu": možnosti ekopoetiky v díle Jiřiny Haukové