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EN
Polish civil code does not includes regulation of compensation of a non-material damage, that arise of non-performance or improper performance of a contract. On a basis of EU consumer regulations, Court of Justice of the European Union made a judgement on March 12th 2003, resolving that damage incurred by a consumer should be comprehended broadly, including non-material damage, like a loss of enjoyment of the holiday. That decision opened a discussion in Polish jurisprudence, according to possibilities of compensation of non-material damage on a base of ex contractu regulations, especially on Article 11a of Polish Tourist Services Act. Dissemination of contracts aimed at satisfying of non-material interests of consumer makes the problem significant. Similar problems occur in regard to non-material damages caused by improper providing of medical services. Doubts arising of the lack of clear regulations allowing a claim for compensation of non-material damages combined with principle of loyalty in EU laws, lead to expressing of legislation proposals. Postulate of rational legislator and the necessity of EU-friendly interpretation leads to conclusion, that accordance of Article 471 of Polish civil code is fully justified as a base of compensation of non-material damage arising of contract obligations.
EN
The present article refers to the inheritance of a claim for pecuniary compensation for the non-material damage related to the death of the immediate family member (art. 446 § 4 C.C.). More precisely, the problem is whether in the case of compensation under art. 446 § 4 C.C. the regulation to be applied is art. 445 § 3 C.C. according to which the claim for compensation passes on heirs only when it has been acknowledged in a written form or if the action has been brought during the victim's life. The view of non-inheritance of the claim under art. 446 § 4 C.C. prevails in doctrine. The author opts for the direct application of the provision of art. 445 § 3 C.C. to the pecuniary compensation for the harm caused by the death of the close relative and presents arguments to support this view. At the same time he approves of the Supreme Court's standpoint expressed in the resolution of 12 December 2013 (III CZP 74/13, unpublished), the thesis of which assumed that art. 445 § 3 C.C. applies to a case for pecuniary compensation for the damage caused by the immediate family member's death (art. 446 § 4 C.C.)
PL
Artykuł dotyczy problemu dziedziczności roszczenia o zadośćuczynienie pieniężne za krzywdę związaną ze śmiercią najbliższego członka rodziny (art. 446 § 4 k.c.). Ściślej chodzi o problem tego czy do zadośćuczynienia z art. 446 § 4 k.c. ma zastosowanie art. 445 § 3 k.c. stanowiący, że roszczenie o zadośćuczynienie przechodzi na spadkobierców tylko wtedy, gdy zostało uznane na piśmie albo gdy powództwo o nie zostało wytoczone za życia poszkodowanego. W doktrynie przeważa pogląd o niedziedziczności roszczenia z art. 446 § 4 k.c. Autor opowiada się za stosowaniem wprost przepisu art. 445 § 3 k.c. do zadośćuczynienia pieniężnego za krzywdę doznaną wskutek śmierci najbliższego członka rodziny. Wskazuje argumenty na rzecz tego stanowiska. Tym samym aprobuje pogląd wyrażony przez Sąd Najwyższy w uchwale z 12 grudnia 2013 r. (III CZP 74/13, niepubl.), w której tezie przyjęto, iż w sprawie o zadośćuczynienie pieniężne za krzywdę doznaną wskutek śmierci najbliższego członka rodziny (art. 446 § 4 k.c.) ma zastosowanie art. 445 § 3 k.c.
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