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Prekursorka instytucjonalnego wychowania małych dzieci w Polsce – Maria Weryho-Radziwiłłowiczowa (1858–1944)

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Moraczewska B.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

2015

vol. 12

215-231

Taking into consideration the history of the upbringing of the young chil-dren, we can presume that the archetype of the kindergartens were so called nurseries or infant homes, the places where a child who was staying for a certain time, was taken care of, was given food, clothing and felt safe. The first nursery was established by J. F Oberlin at the end of the 18th century. The establishing of the nurseries was conditioned by fast, at that time, industrial development and what was connected with that, the demand for the women’s work. In 1816 R. Owen, who was the owner of the factory, officially established the infant school for his women workers’ children in London. The pre-school established by R. Owen was a kind of an encouragement for creating similar places all over Europe. The first nursery in Poland was created in 1837 in Warsaw as the result of the efforts of Warsaw’s merchant and philanthropist T. Janikowski. Soon, the second one, which was given the name of doctor Malacz, was established, and the next one – for the orphans, named after S. Jachowicz. All the nursery institutions, existing in Poland since the regaining of independence, had a dual character. Some of them, so called nurseries, were based on the philanthropic action and they served mostly caring function for children and their working mothers. Next to them, other upbringing institutions serving certain pedagogical roles, were organized. They were patterned on spreading in western Europe so called “Frobel’s gardens” or M. Montessori’s “infants’ homes”. The pioneer and the huge enthusiast of popularizing the second one form of taking care of a child was Maria Weryho-Radziwiłłowicz.

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1 Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

1 Moraczewska B.

1 2015

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Prekursorka instytucjonalnego wychowania małych dzieci w Polsce – Maria Weryho-Radziwiłłowiczowa (1858–1944)