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EN
What Polish translators brought into the theory of translation in the last thirty years merits a synthetic presentation. Here we chose, amidst the “memes of translation” (cf. Chesterman 1997), the issue of “strangeness” in translation, also termed “exotisation” or “light in language and culture”. To preserve strangeness is for Antoine Berman an essentially ethical act in translation, the position shared by the author. For her, two ways of translating a passage from Gustave Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary, and a passage from Raymond Queneau’s novel Zazie dans le metro, represent, in the typology proposed by Zygmunt Grosbart, a type of ‘careful’ translation and the ‘brave’ translation type, respectively.
PL
Wkład polskich przekładoznawców w myśl o tłumaczeniu, zwłaszcza w ostatnich ponad trzydziestu latach, zasługiwałby na syntetyczne opracowanie. Tutaj wybrana została, spośród „pewników tłumaczenia” (zob. Chesterman 1997), „obcość” w przekładzie, określana też jako „egzotyzacja” lub „światło w języku i kulturze”. Zachowanie obcości stanowi, według Antoine Bermana, akt etyczny tłumacza, co Autorka podziela. Jej zdaniem, dwa sposoby tłumaczenia, fragmentu powieści Gustawa Flauberta Madame Bovary oraz fragmentu powieści Raymonda Queneau Zazie dans le métro, należą, według rozróżnienia zaproponowanego przez Zygmunta Grosbarta, pierwszy do tłumaczeń raczej „nieśmiałych”, drugi - do „zuchwałych”.
SL
Članek obravnava problem svobode prevajalca pri prevajanju naslova proznega dela. To vprašanje se zdi bistveno ne samo zato, ker mora naslov v ciljnem jeziku ohraniti svoje glavne funkcije (identifikacijsko, obvestilno, pragmatično); potrebna sta tudi celovita analiza razmerja med izvirnim naslovom in delom ter upoštevanje „reprezentacijske” vloge naslova v drugotnem kulturnem okolju. Posebna pozornost je namenjena naslavljanju prevodov zbirk kratke proze s poimenovanji, ki so v izhodiščni kulturi že uveljavljeni kot naslovi drugih publikacij (Terra incognita, Noc w Lublanie). Prevajalec s tem zavede bralca in zlorabi prevajalsko svobodo. Članek analizira tudi prevode naslovov, ki ohranjajo značilen element tujosti (Čefurzy raus!), in naslove, ki zelo odstopajo od naslovov izvirnikov (Słońce w dolinie, Białe czereśnie, Pies). Največ možnosti za ustvarjalno svobodo ima prevajalec pri naslovih, ki vsebujejo element tujosti, takih, ki drugotnemu naslovniku ne vzbujajo skoraj nobenih asociacij. Zdi se, da je med omenjenimi praksami še najprimernejša opustitev izvirnega naslova in poimenovanje dela z naslovom, ki je plod interpretacije besedila ali navezave na eno izmed pomembnih tem ali motivov dela. A prevajalčevo svobodo tudi v tem primeru omejujejo pragmatične in etične zahteve. Prevajalca mora pri izbiri novega naslova voditi predvsem želja, da bi delu zagotovil čim širši krog bralcev v novem kulturnem okolju.
EN
The article concerns the issue of the interpreter’s freedom concerning translations of the titles of prose works. The matter seems important not only because of the necessity of reserving the title’s essential functions (identification, information, pragmatics), not only because of the need of a complex analysis of the original title — work relationship, but also because of the ‘ambassadorial’ role of — this title in the secondary cultural space. Attention was drawn to the praxis of giving the interpreted collections of short stories (Terra Incognita, Noc w Lublanie) titles already existing in the initial culture and given to other publications. It is malpractice and misleading to a secondary reader. Also, the titles with a remaining foreign dominant element (Čefurzy raus!) and titles significantly different from the original titles (Słońce w dolinie, Białe czereśnie, Pies) were discussed. The space of freedom and the opportunity of a creative attitude appears especially in cases of titles containing a the foreign element, those which do not evoke almost any associations to the secondary reader. In these cases, the most appropriate practice seems to be deleting the original title and giving a new one, one dependent on the work’s interpretation or containing its important subject or topos. Then, the interpreter’s freedom is limited due to the nature of pragmatic and moral imperatives. In choosing the new title, the interpreter should be guided principally by the desire to ensure that the work reaches as many readers in the new cultural space as possible.
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