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PL
The article describes the competence of the Financial Ombudsman to submit to the court of law a view (observation) relevant to a case before the court. For long this instrument has been reserved for non-governmental organisations only. In December 2007, the Insurance Ombudsman was vested with such a competence as well. However, the scope of cases in which the Insurance Ombudsman can submit observations is limited to disputes arising from insurance contracts and disputes concerning members of pension funds or participants of occupational pension schemes. With the establishment in October 2015 of the Financial Ombudsman (who is the legal successor of the Insurance Ombudsman), this competence has been extended to cases and disputes regarding all clients of financial market entities. Submitting an observation is intended to enable the transfer of knowledge and experience of the Financial Ombudsman as a specialist in matters concerning financial market services, to the courts of law. In practice however, certain doubts arise in regard to how this instrument should be used properly. In particular, it is not always clear in which cases the Financial Ombudsman may be allowed to submit an observation and in what circumstances such a possibility should be considered as unacceptable or undesirable. Also, the legal character of an observation and its legal nature in regard to the civil procedure is being assessed differently. Thus the question arises on what the content and scope of an observation should be based. In regard to the main task imposed on the Financial Ombudsman, namely the protection of the rights and interests of clients of financial market entities, it seems only reasonable that the content and scope of an observation as well as the decision on whether it will be submitted to the court at all remains in the exclusive judgment of the Financial Ombudsman. The main aim of the article is to analyse these issues based on the experience of the Financial Ombudsman resulting from the use of the instrument in practice.
EN
This article concerns the legal institution of observations submitted in civil proceedings by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (hereinafter: President of the UOKiK). This institution is analysed within the framework of the hitherto practice of the Polish courts and the President of the UOKiK. Significant legal issues linked with the submission of the said observations and the way they are processed by the courts are presented, and premises for submitting these observations by the President of the UOKiK described. It is pointed out that submitting an observation is contingent upon the existence of public interest as well as occurrence of a significant question which is relevant to the case. Such a question needs to deal with the widely understood protection of competition and consumers. It is also noted that observations may only be submitted with regard to an actual case heard by the court. It may be addressed to either general, administrative or arbitration courts as well as to the Supreme Court. The article contains a description of the procedure of submitting observations, taking into account the settled practice of the President of the UOKiK. Within that scope issues concerning an application for submitting observations and formal requirements that such observations need to satisfy are also discussed. Furthermore, an attempt is made to determine the legal character of the said institution, taking into account the views presented in caselaw and literature. In that context a possibility of qualifying these observations as evidence has been excluded. Finally, the principles that need to be adopted by the courts when they examine the observations are discussed and the fact that courts have no competence to verify the observations submitted by the President of the UOKiK in respect of formal requirements and conditions for submission is stressed.
EN
The long-term goals of communication and transport are the integration of thinking about traffic, operational behavior, situational and strategic actions creating: perceptions, attention, memory and thinking, allowing to create the whole, prediction, ideation and concretization causing changes in meaning and procedures in the emotional and motor tracks of human intellectual activity. Our actions and thinking can be prepared by adapting to the future. Free will and freedom is limited by the understanding of material, intellectual and spiritual limitations: it is in our possession and can produce good or evil, security or catastrophe of humanity, consciousness or ignorance. Education is hope for a far-reaching future. Myopia, lack of knowledge and inability to predict is a disease of our time. Communication and transport, as a move, move us from uncertainty into anticipation and accurate matching of knowledge and skills to the changing reality of our environment. Effective plans, creativity, introduction of new transport technologies and traffic with different transport modalities lead to displacements creating joint building and social connections. Pride in modern transport technologies and studies, creates modernity and social cooperation, and creates fruitful  integration. Individual and social prediction and forecasting are a chance to survive, overcome cataclysms and civilization errors. In turn, the imperfection of new development goals and lack of rationalization of land management, creates a lack of opportunities for survival and for drawing strategic ideas. Disorderly thinking and anticipation about transport reduces the chances of humanity's development and survival. The development of transport pedagogy and transport psychology creates opportunities for a successful life, which allows creating new values, practical skills, practical procedural knowledge and strategies in real ecological, health and psychosocial conditions in which people operate.
PL
Dalekosiężne cele komunikacji i transportu są integracją myślenia o ruchu drogowym, działania operacyjnego, sytuacyjnego i strategicznego tworzącego: percepcję, uwagę, pamięć i myślenie, pozwalające tworzyć całość, przewidywanie, ideacje i konkretyzacje powodujące zmiany znaczeniowe i proceduralne w torach emocjonalnych, intelektualnych i motorycznych. Nasze działanie i myślenie można przygotować przez dostosowanie do nadchodzącej przyszłości. Wolna wola i swoboda jest ograniczona rozumieniem ograniczeń materialnych, intelektualnych i duchowych: jest w naszym władaniu i może wytworzyć dobro lub zło, bezpieczeństwo lub katastrofę ludzkości, świadomość lub niewiedzę. Edukacja jest nadzieją na dalekosiężną przyszłość. Krótkowzroczność, brak wiedzy i przewidywania jest chorobą naszych czasów. Komunikacja i transport jako ruch przenosi nas z niepewności w przewidywanie oraz w celne dopasowywanie wiedzy i umiejętności do zmieniającej się realności naszego otoczenia. Skuteczne plany, kreatywność, prowadzenie nowych technologii transportowych i ruchu o różnej modalności transportu, prowadzą do przemieszczeń tworzących wspólne budowanie i powiązania społeczne. Duma z nowoczesnych technologii transportowych i opracowań tworzy nowoczesność i współpracę społeczną, tworzy też integrację budującą. Przewidywanie i prognozowanie indywidualne i społeczne są szansą na przetrwanie, pokonanie kataklizmów i błędów cywilizacji. Z kolei niedoskonałość nowych celów rozwoju i racjonalizacji gospodarowania ziemią, tworzy brak szans na przetrwanie i na kreślenie wyobrażeń strategicznych. Nieuporządkowanie myślenia i przewidywania odnośnie do transportu zmniejsza szanse na rozwój i przeżycie ludzkości. Rozwój pedagogiki i psychologii transportu tworzy szanse na pomyślne życie, pozwala na tworzenia wartości nowych, umiejętności upraktycznionych, upraktycznionej wiedzy proceduralnej i strategii w realnych warunkach ekologicznych, zdrowotnych i psychospołecznych, w jakich funkcjonują ludzie.
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