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Małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa w Łódzkim Obszarze Metropolitalnym

100%
Buczkowski B.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
vol. LXXXVII (87)
71-107
EN
Small and medium-sized enterprises are the engines of market economies. In Poland, their position has been growing since the beginning of the transition, especially due to the fact that they stimulate economic growth, but also because they play an important role in the society. The paper shows the economic and social role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Lodz Metropolitan Area (LMA). The analysis has been subjected to their size, ownership, legal forms, business sector structure, concentrati on in the LMA, average wages and the share of particular powiats and LMA in the employment during the global financial crisis. Due to the relatively large share of manufacturing in economic activities of SME, their branch structure in powiats has also been discussed. The analysis showed that SME in the LMA dominate, in terms of quantity, the rest of the Lodz voivodship, although their share in employment and investments is a bit less than 50%. The LMA residents are more entrepreneurial, both as compared to the Lodz voivodship and to the entire country. In all powiats of the LMA the main business activity is manufacturing. The Lodz powiat dominates in the LMA in terms of all analyzed indicators, i.e. the entrepreneurship of residents, the number of SMEs, their investments, the highest average wages and the share in employment, but the structure of the business, including manufacturing, does not differ from other the LMA powiats.
2
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Charakterystyka społeczno-gospodarcza Łódzkiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego

100%
Świerkocki J.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2013
|
vol. LXXXVII (87)
11-45
XX
The Lodz Metropolitan Area (LMA) is usually singled out based on functional and spatial relations among the city of Lodz and 4 neighboring counties (poviats). The statistics on the LMA are generally available for the counties and sub regions but are scarce for the area as a whole. Therefore the article aims to present the socio-economic situation of the LMA at the end of the last decade and assessing trends in its development. It analyses factors that are important for economic growth, namely structure of the economy, labor market, investment, entrepreneurship, foreign capital inflows, innovations and institutional environment. The level of economic development within the LMA differs a lot, meaning that its counties have different resources and objectives. These disproportions have increased in recent years due to spatially dispersed inflows of the EU structural funds and of FDI. The growth prospects will be threatened by an adverse demographic situation, low innovativeness and weak institutions but will be supported by good entrepreneurial spirit of the local inhabitants.
3
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Ocena funkcjonowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Łódzkim Obszarze Metropolitalnym na podstawie wyników badania bezpośredniego

100%
Dorożyński T., Urbaniak W.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2013
|
vol. LXXXVII (87)
109-160
EN
This paper was drafted on the basis of results of a direct study. Its aim was to assess the activity of SMEs in the Lodz Metropolitan Area. The study, among others, focused on: economic climate in the enterprise sector, factors encouraging and discouraging from operations in the region, human resources management and employment, cooperation with the business environment institutions, state aid programs, internationalization and perspectives on development. Direct study was conducted from March to August 2012 among 171 entrepreneurs who are running businesses in the Lodz Metropolitan Area.
4
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Ocena funkcjonowania instytucji otoczenia biznesu w Łódzkim Obszarze Metropolitalnym na podstawie wyników badania bezpośredniego

100%
Dorożyński T., Urbaniak W.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
vol. LXXXVII (87)
161-173
EN
The paper was drafted on the basis of results of a research study. The interviews were conducted with the 12 representatives of business environment institutions based in Lodz Metropolitan Area from July to October 2012. The purpose of this part of the study was to evaluate activities of business environment institutions aimed at supporting entrepreneurs in the Lodz Metropolitan Area.
5

The European Union and Urban Planning

84%
Mialot C.
Studia Iuridica
|
2016
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vol. 63
195-202
EN
There is no master plan for the metropolitan area of Warsaw. Although, at first glance, urban planning seems to be largely unregulated by UE law, the addition of sectorial regulation on many important subjects as environment, risks etc. strongly encourage a future oriented regulation of land use a master plan. And precisely because such matters goes beyond the Warsaw city’s administrative boundaries, the metropolitan area seems to appear as the proper level to adopt a master plan.
PL
Nie istnieje odgórny plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego dla obszaru metropolitarnego Warszawy. Chociaż na pierwszy rzut oka planowanie urbanistyczne wydaje się nie dość uregulowane przez prawo unijne. Dodanie sektorowych regulacji w prawie UE w wielu ważnych kwestiach jak na przykład środowisko powoduje, że przyszłe regulacje będą dążyły do stworzenia całościowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Taki plan obejmowałby swym zasięgiem obszary wykraczające poza administracyjne granice Warszawy.
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