Search results

1

Spatial Analysis Of Human Capital Structures

100%

Gajdos A.

Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe

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2014

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vol. 17

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issue 4

43-54

EN

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the interdependence between labour productivity and the occupational structure of human capital in a spatial cross-section. Research indicates (see Fischer 2009) the possibility to assess the impact of the quality of human capital (measured by means of the level of education) on labour productivity in a spatial cross-section. This study attempts to thoroughly analyse the issue, assuming that apart from the level of education, the course of education (occupation) can also be a significant factor determining labour productivity in a spatial cross-section. The data used in this paper concerning labour force structure in major occupational groups in a regional cross-section comes from a Labour Force Survey. The data source specificity enables the assessment of labour force occupational specialisation at the regional level and the estimation of this specialisation at the subregional or county level. An in-depth analysis of the occupational structure of the labour market in a spatial cross-section is an important theoretical and practical area of study necessary for the development of effective labour market policies and the education system.

2

The migration policy of Armenia

75%

Gomólka K.

Przegląd Politologiczny

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2018

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issue 3

57-70

EN

The aim of this study is to describe the legal bases of the migration policy of Armenia and its practical implementation in 1995–2013. The author examined the international and national documents that provide the legal bases of Armenia’s migration policy, as well as the balance between departures and arrivals in the period 1995–2013, Armenian citizens’ reasons for emigrating and the occupations of emigrants. The study was based on the following research methods: content, system and quantitative analysis. The results of the analyses performed indicate that the objectives of Armenia’s migration policy were not completely fulfilled. Between 1995 and 2013, the number of emigrants declined, but Armenia’s overall migration balance was negative. The majority of those leaving the country went to Russia, followed by the other states of the CIS.

3

Age Structure of Employment and Wages. An Analysis Across Occupational Groups

75%

Broniatowska P., Majchrowska A., Nasiński M.

Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics

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2020

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issue 3

4

PROGNOZA LICZBY PRACUJĄCYCH W PRZEKROJU GRUP ZAWODÓW W POLSCE NA LATA 2014–2022

75%

Gajdos A.

Polityka Społeczna

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2015

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vol. 42

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issue 11-12(500–501)

32-38

EN

The main objective of this article is a presentation of the forecasting model for the number of employees by major and submajor occupational groups in the horizon 2014–2022. In this article were used data from Labour Force Survey in crosssection by occupaional groups consistent with the International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO-08. To forecast the number of employed by major occupational groups a multiequation regression model, consisting of 10 equations, was used. Forecasts of the total number of employed in Poland obtained from macroeconomic model were used to predict the employment in major and submajor occupational groups.

PL

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja modelu prognostycznego oraz wyników prognoz w przekroju wielkich i dużych grup zawodowych. W artykule były używane dane z Badania Aktywności Ekonomicznej Ludności w przekroju grup zawodowych zgodnym z Międzynarodowym Standardem Klasyfikacji Zawodów ISCO-08. Prognozy liczby pracujących w przekroju wielkich grup zawodowych zostały wykonane przy wykorzystaniu 10-równaniowego modelu przyczynowo-skutkowego. Prognozy liczby pracujących ogółem w Polsce uzyskane z modelu makroekonomicznego były podstawą wygenerowania prognoz w przekroju wielkich i dużych grup zawodowych.

5

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Northern Italy population before the COVID-19 second wave

75%

Berselli N., Filippini T., Paduano S., Malavolti M., Modenese A., Gobba F., Borella P., Marchesi I., Vivoli R., Perlini P., Bellucci R., Bargellini A., Vinceti M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 35

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issue 1

63-74

EN

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic is due to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infections. It swept across the world in the spring of 2020, and so far it has caused a huge number of hospitalizations and deaths. In the present study, the authors investigated serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in the period of June 1–September 25, 2020, in 7561 subjects in Modena, Northern Italy.Material and MethodsThe study population included 5454 workers referred to testing by their companies, and 2107 residents in the Modena area who accessed testing through self-referral.ResultsThe authors found the overall seroprevalence to be 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2–5.2%), which was higher in women (5.4%, 95% CI: 4.5–6.2%) than in men (4.3%, 95% CI: 3.7–4.9%), and in the oldest age groups (7.3%, 95% CI: 5.2–9.3% for persons aged 60–69 years, and 11.8%, 95% CI: 8.6–15.1%, for persons aged ≥70 years). Among the occupational categories, the highest seroprevalence was found in healthcare workers (8.8%, 95% CI: 7.0–10.5%), dealers and vehicle repairers (5.2%, 95% CI: 2.9–7.6%), and workers in the sports sector (4.0%, 95% CI: 1.8–6.1%), while there was little or no such evidence for those employed in sectors such as transport and storage, accommodation and restaurant services, and the school system. Conclusions: These results have allowed, for the first time, to assess population seroprevalence in this area of Italy severely hit by the epidemic, while at the same time identifying the subgroups at a higher risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

6

Factors related to psychological well-being in unskilled manual workers

75%

Park J., Kim Y.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 6

789-804

EN

ObjectivesThe authors characterized the demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial work factors associated with performance of unskilled manual work, and then identified the modifiable psychosocial work factors that affected the psychological well-being of these workers.Material and MethodsThis study analyzed data from the fifth Korean Working Condition Survey conducted in 2017. The study subjects were 37 081 Korean employees. The occupational classes investigated were: managers, professionals, and clerks; service and sales workers; and skilled or unskilled manual workers.ResultsUnskilled manual workers were more likely to be elderly and less educated, to have low income, to work fewer hours weekly, to have a shorter work duration, to perform temporary or daily jobs, and to report poor subjective health and well-being. Unskilled manual workers were also more likely to experience psychosocial hazards, such adverse social behaviors, a lack of job satisfaction, a lack of support from managers, and a poor social climate. However, with statistical adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial work factors, unskilled manual work was no longer associated with poor psychological well-being, but psychosocial work factors were associated with poor psychological well-being.ConclusionsThe poor psychological well-being of unskilled manual workers cannot be explained by the intrinsic nature of this type of work. Instead, the poor psychological well-being of these workers is associated with unfavorable psychosocial work factors, such as a poor employment status, a lack of job satisfaction, a lack of support from managers, and a bad social climate. These results thus suggest that the modification of psychosocial work factors may improve the psychological well-being of unskilled manual workers.

7

Nierówności społeczne w polskim systemie ubezpieczeń społecznych

63%

Grabiec R.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2017

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vol. 51

293-304

PL

Rozpatrywanie zagadnienia nierówności społecznych w polskim systemie ubezpieczeń społecznych jest obecnie szczególnie istotne ze względu na stale zwiększającą się liczbę świadczeniobiorców. Konieczność funkcjonowania systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych zapewniającego osobom niezdolnym do samodzielnego zaspokajania ich potrzeb materialnych w przypadku starości, choroby, macierzyństwa, śmierci jest oczywiste, jednak stosowane w nim rozwiązania mogą budzić wątpliwości co do ich formy i zakresu. Artykuł jest próbą zdiagnozowania, w jakim zakresie i w jakich elementach systemu występują przypadki dyskryminacji, które powodują powstawanie nierówności społecznych. W części pierwszej tekstu scharakteryzowane zostały mechanizmy funkcjonowania systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych w Polsce. Część druga prezentuje ewolucję zmian w tym systemie w ostatnich kilkunastu latach, a w części ostatniej opisano przypadki dyskryminacji w funkcjonowaniu polskiego systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych. W zakończeniu zawarte są propozycje zmian korygujących wadliwe rozwiązania.

EN

Currently the problem of social inequalities in the Polish social security system is particularly important as the beneficiaries are continuously increasing in number. The need for a social security system that will provide benefits to people who are not able to provide for themselves and support themselves, for example people with disabilities, very old people, mothers, and in case of death, is undisputable, however, some solutions used in it may raise doubts about their form and scope. This paper is an attempt to diagnose the scope of discrimination and find the elements of the system where the examples of discrimination which cause social inequalities can be found. In the first chapter of the study, the mechanisms of functioning of the social security system in Poland were characterized. The second chapter presents the legislative changes of the system over the last several years. The last chapter is devoted to the description of examples of discrimination in the Polish social security system. In the summary, proposed changes to correct the erroneous solutions are contained.

8

Candida species w miejscu pracy: element mikrobioty, patogen oportunistyczny oraz czynnik zoonotyczny

51%

Tokarska-Rodak M., Weiner M.

Medycyna Pracy

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2023

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vol. 74

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issue 5

425-433

EN

Candida spp. isolated from both humans and animals have a similar genotype. Properties of Candida spp. specific for different host species have not been isolated, followed by studies indicating that animals can be a reservoir of these fungi for humans. Occupational exposure concerns workers who have direct contact with farm animals, i.e., farmers, breeders, veterinarians, farm technicians. Hand dermatitis and fungal infection may be caused by prolonged exposure to water and occlusive gloves. The risk of fungal infection is estimated to be high for seafood workers, florists, hairdressers, bakers and cooks, gastronomy workers and healthcare workers. Even though Candida spp. are effective as saprophytic, in the event of a weakening of the function or disturbance of homeostasis, the risk of developing an additional form of candidiasis is increasing due to the intensification of animal production, environmental changes and the excessive use of antibiotics to treat infections in humans and animals. Employers and workers should adopt appropriate strategies to reduce factors conductive to Candida spp. infection at professional work.

PL

Grzyby Candida spp. wyizolowane od zarówno ludzi, jak i zwierząt, mają zbliżony genotyp. Nie stwierdzono również swoistości tych grzybów w stosunku do kolonizowania różnych gatunków żywicieli, przez co zwierzęta mogą być ich rezerwuarem dla człowieka. Narażenie zawodowe dotyczy pracowników mających bezpośredni kontakt ze zwierzętami gospodarskimi, tj. rolników, hodowców, weterynarzy i pracowników technicznych gospodarstw. Infekcje grzybicze i choroby zwłaszcza skóry dłoni mogą być także związane z długotrwałą ekspozycją na wilgoć i opatrunki okluzyjne. Ryzyko zakażenia wzrasta również u pracowników sektora rybnego, florystów, fryzjerów, pracowników gastronomii, piekarzy i cukierników, a także zatrudnionych w ochronie zdrowia. Candida spp. jako organizmy saprofityczne pełnią istotną funkcję w zachowaniu homeostazy organizmu, a wraz z jej zachwianiem zwiększają ryzyko kandydozy. Intensyfikacja produkcji zwierzęcej, zmiany środowiskowe oraz nadmierne stosowanie antybiotyków w leczeniu infekcji u ludzi i zwierząt sprzyjają tego typu zakażeniom. Ważne jest zatem przyjęcie przez pracodawców i pracowników narażanych zawodowo odpowiednich strategii w celu ograniczenia czynników sprzyjających zakażeniom na tle Candida spp. w miejscu pracy.

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