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1
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Occupational concerns associated with regular use of microscope

100%
Jain G., Shetty P.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2014
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vol. 27
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issue 4
591-598
EN
Objectives: Microscope work can be strenuous both to the visual system and the musculoskeletal system. Lack of awareness or indifference towards health issues may result in microscope users becoming victim to many occupational hazards. Our objective was to understand the occupational problems associated with regular use of microscope, awareness regarding the hazards, attitude and practice of microscope users towards the problems and preventive strategies. Material and Methods: A questionnaire based survey done on 50 professionals and technicians who used microscope regularly in pathology, microbiology, hematology and cytology laboratories. Results: Sixty two percent of subjects declared that they were suffering from musculoskeletal problems, most common locations being neck and back. Maximum prevalence of musculoskeletal problems was noted in those using microscope for 11–15 years and for more than 30 h/week. Sixty two percent of subjects were aware of workplace ergonomics. Fifty six percent of microscope users took regular short breaks for stretching exercises and 58% took visual breaks every 15–30 min in between microscope use sessions. As many as 94% subjects reported some form of visual problem. Fourty four percent of microscope users felt stressed with long working hours on microscope. Conclusions: The most common occupational concerns of microscope users were musculoskeletal problems of neck and back regions, eye fatigue, aggravation of ametropia, headache, stress due to long working hours and anxiety during or after microscope use. There is an immediate need for increasing awareness about the various occupational hazards and their irreversible effects to prevent them.
2
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Air disinfection procedures in the dental office during the COVID-19 pandemic

75%
Tysiąc-Miśta M., Dubiel A., Brzoza K., Burek M., Pałkiewicz K.
Medycyna Pracy
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2021
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vol. 72
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issue 1
39-48
EN
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generated a huge pressure on health care systems worldwide and exposed their lack of preparation for a major health crisis. In the times of a respiratory disease pandemic, members of the dental profession, due to having a direct contact with the patients’ oral cavity, body fluids and airborne pathogens, are exposed to a great occupational hazard of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The authors carried out a systematic literature search using the main online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, UpToDate, Embase, and Web of Science) with the following keywords: “COVID-19,” “2019-nCoV,” “coronavirus,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “dental COVID-19,” “dentistry COVID-19,” “occupational hazards dentistry,” “ventilation,” “air disinfection,” “airborne transmission,” “hydrogen peroxide disinfection,” “UV disinfection,” “ozone disinfection,” “plasma disinfection,” and “TiO2 disinfection.” They included publications focused on COVID-19 features, occupational hazards for dental staff during COVID-19 pandemic, and methods of air disinfection. They found that due to the work environment conditions, if appropriate measures of infection control are not being implemented, dental offices and dental staff can become a dangerous source of COVID-19 transmission. That is why the work safety protocols in dentistry have to be revised and additional methods of decontamination implemented. The authors specifically advise on the utilization of wildly accepted methods like ultraviolet germicidal irradiation with additional disinfection systems, which have not been introduced in dentistry yet, like vaporized hydrogen peroxide, non-thermal plasma and air filters with photocatalytic disinfection properties. Due to its toxicity, ozone is not the first-choice method for air decontamination of enclosed clinical settings.
3

Postrzeganie zagrożeń zawodowych przez pracowników - badania empiryczne

75%
Niziołek K.
Ekonomika i Organizacja Przedsiębiorstwa
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2017
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issue 6 (809)
119-130
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie czynników determinujących percepcję zagrożeń zawodowych przez pracowników na wybranym stanowisku pracy. Podmiotem badań byli pracownicy wyodrębnionego oddziału przedsiębiorstwa świadczącego usługi budowlane. Badaniem objęto 15 pracowników zatrudnionych na stanowiskach: robotniczych, kierowniczych, administracyjnym i służb bhp. Stanowiskiem, które oceniono pod kątem identyfikacji zagrożeń był instalator posadzek. Badanie składało się z dwóch etapów. Pierwszym etapem była identyfikacja zagrożeń przeprowadzona przez pracowników oddziału przedsiębiorstwa. W ramach tego etapu, pracownicy organizacji, w której odbywało się badanie, zostali poproszeni o samodzielne zidentyfikowanie zagrożeń na stanowisku instalatora posadzek. Każdy z pracowników wykonywał tą czynność samodzielnie. Po wypisaniu zagrożeń badani poproszeni zostali o skomentowanie uzyskanych wyników. Badanie wsparte było wywiadem swobodnym pogłębionym badacza z uczestnikami. Badanie wykazało, że liczba zidentyfikowanych zagrożeń zależy od stażu pracownika w badanym przedsiębiorstwie. Na postrzeganie zagrożeń mają również wpływ takie czynniki jak: doświadczenie życiowe i zawodowe badanych, a także świadomość i zdolność obserwacji m.in. otoczenia, urazów i dolegliwości, których doznali osobiście lub widzieli u innych. Na zjawisko postrzegania zagrożeń mają z pewnością również wpływ: zakresy obowiązków pracowników czy ich wiedza merytoryczna w kwestiach bhp.
EN
The aim of this article is to identify factors determining the perception of occupational hazards at a selected workplace. The research was conducted on 15 employees of a construction company employed in the position of: worker, manager, administration, OSH services. Position which was evaluated for hazards identification was a flooring installer. The research consisted of two stages. The first stage was hazards identification by workers of the company. In this stage, workers were asked to identify the threats of flooring installer’s position themselves. Each one of the workers did it independently. Having written out the threats, examined workers were asked to comment on obtained results. The research was supported with a free-form interview with the examined workers. The research proved that the number of threats identified is dependent on the seniority of the worker in the examined company. Perception of threats is also affected by life and work experience of the examined workers as well as consciousness and observation abilities of the surroundings, injuries and affliction which they have experienced themselves or learned about from others. Perception of threats is certainly also affected by the responsibilities of the workers or their knowledge in matters of OSH.
4
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Economic situation and occupational accidents in Poland: 2002–2014 panel data regional study

75%
Łyszczarz B., Nojszewska E.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2017
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vol. 31
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issue 2
151-164
EN
Objectives: Occupational accidents constitute a substantial health and economic burden for societies around the world and a variety of factors determine the frequency of accidents at work. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the economic situation and the rate of occupational accidents in Poland. Material and Methods: The analysis comprised data for 66 Polish sub-regions taken from the Central Statistical Office’s Local Data Bank. The regression analysis with panel data for period 2002–2014 was applied to identify the relationships involved. Four measures of accidents were used: the rates of total occupational accidents, accidents among men and women separately as well as days of incapacity to work due to accidents at work per employee. Four alternative measures assessed the economic situation: gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, average remuneration, the unemployment rate and number of dwelling permits. The confounding variables included were: employment in hazardous conditions and the size of enterprises. Results: The results of the regression estimates show that the number of occupational accidents in Poland exhibits procyclical behavior, which means that more accidents are observed during the times of economic expansion. Stronger relationships were observed in the equations explaining men’s accident rates as well as total rates. A weaker and not always statistically significant impact of economic situation was identified for women’s accident rates and days of incapacity to work. Conclusions: The results have important implications for occupational health and safety actions. In the periods of higher work intensity employers should focus on appropriate training and supervision of inexperienced workers as well as on ensuring enough time for already experienced employees to recuperate. In terms of public health actions, policy makers should focus on scrutinizing working conditions, educating employers and counteracting possible discrimination of injured employees. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(2):151–164
5
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Work stress-related problems in physicians in the time of COVID-19

75%
Somville F., Vanspringel G., De Cauwer H., Franck E., Van Bogaert P.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 34
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issue 3
373-383
EN
ObjectivesHealthcare workers in the emergency department are exposed to a wide range of physical and psycho-social risks or hazards in the workplace. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of exposure to, the occurrence and perceived risks of, and the worry about, occupational hazards among emergency and hospital physicians in the time of COVID.Material and MethodsBased on the review of occupational hazards in emergency physicians, a questionnaire already used and validated in another study, conducted in 2016, was constructed. The questionnaire consisted of both socio-demographic questions and questions regarding the exposure to, the occurrence and perceived risks of, and the worry about, the following occupational hazards: infectious diseases, COVID-19, physical hazards, violence at work, and stressful situations at work that can cause burnout. A total of 497 questionnaires were distributed to Belgian emergency and hospital physicians in April 20–May 26, 2020.ResultsOverall, 319 responses (out of 497 questionnaires) were collected, of which 196 were eligible for statistical analysis. Of the respondents, 32% stated to be confronted with violence and 54% to suffer from health problems related to their work. The exposure to, and the occurrence and perceived risks of, occupational hazards and, more specifically, the exposure to COVID-19 (88%) and its occurrence (10%), and also the worry about these hazards, appear to be high in physicians working in the emergency department. The worry about each of these outcomes is predicted by the supposed exposure, occurrence, and perceived risks.ConclusionsThe exposure to, and the occurrence and perceived risks of, physical hazards, violence and burnout are generally high in physicians in the time of COVID-19. Emergency and hospital physicians in Belgium worry the most about the impact of violence, burnout and COVID-19.
6
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Dobre praktyki w opiece profilaktycznej nad kobietą ciężarną w miejscu pracy – wpływ czynników szkodliwych i uciążliwości występujących w środowisku pracy i domowym na przebieg oraz wynik ciąży

51%
Marcinkiewicz A., Wężyk A., Muszyński P., Polańska K., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Wiszniewska M., Walusiak-Skorupa J., Hanke W.
Medycyna Pracy
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2015
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vol. 66
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issue 5
713-724
EN
The key activity in good practice of occupational medicine is to control, on a regular basis, the workers’ health and how it is affected by the work environment and – consequently – to provide the employers and employees with advice regarding the organization, ergonomics, physiology and psychology of work. Occupational medicine practitioners should remember that certain duties are performed both at work and at home. This issue is particularly important in preventive healthcare of pregnant working women. Taking the above into consideration, we reviewed the literature with respect to nuisance and occupational risk factors, which might be associated with professional and household duties. The research indicates the need to reduce activities that require frequent bending or lifting, put a women at risk of falling or cause excess occupational stress for pregnant women. We would like to draw the doctors’ attention to the possibility of exceeding a 4-hour limit of work at video display terminals and negative effects of low physical exercise and sitting for a long time both at work and at home. Since long working hours (over 40 h/week) affect the course of pregnancy negatively, total working time at work (including any additional jobs) and at home must be taken into account in the occupational risk assessment. To sum up, we emphasize that preventive healthcare of pregnant working women should mainly include education programmes. Women need to know how to perform their work safely and pay attention to the scope and frequency of household tasks (duties). Med Pr 2015;66(5):713–724
PL
Kluczowym działaniem w ramach dobrych praktyk w opiece profilaktycznej jest systematyczna kontrola stanu zdrowia pracujących, ocena jego związku przyczynowego z warunkami pracy oraz w efekcie – udzielanie pracownikom i pracodawcom porad w zakresie organizacji pracy, ergonomii, fizjologii i psychologii pracy. Lekarz medycyny pracy powinien przy tym pamiętać, że niektóre czynności wykonywane przez pracowników nie tylko wchodzą w zakres obowiązków zawodowych, ale są wykonywane przez nich również w domu. Taka świadomość jest szczególnie ważna w opiece profilaktycznej nad pracującą ciężarną. Biorąc powyższe pod uwagę, autorzy niniejszej publikacji dokonali przeglądu piśmiennictwa pod kątem uciążliwości i czynników szkodliwych, na które kobiety w ciąży mogą być narażone w trakcie wykonywania pracy zawodowej i w warunkach domowych. Przedstawione wyniki badań wskazują konieczność minimalizowania u ciężarnych czynności wymuszających częste pochylanie się, grożących upadkiem, wymagających dźwigania oraz związanych z nadmiernym stresem. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwość przekraczania łącznie w pracy i w domu obecnie obowiązującego w polskim prawie limitu 4 godzin pracy przy komputerze – głównie ze względu na wiążący się z tym niekorzystny wpływ niskiej aktywności fizycznej i długotrwale utrzymywanej pozycji siedzącej. Ze względu na niekorzystny wpływ pracy powyżej 40 godz. tygodniowo na przebieg ciąży w ocenie ryzyka zawodowego wskazana jest analiza łącznego czasu pracy ciężarnej z uwzględnieniem dodatkowych prac zarobkowych i zajęć domowych. W podsumowaniu autorzy podkreślają, że opieka profilaktyczna nad pracującą ciężarną wymaga edukowania ciężarnych w zakresie sposobu wykonywania obowiązków służbowych, ze zwróceniem uwagi na zakres i częstość czynności domowych analogicznych do zawodowych. Med. Pr. 2015;66(5):713–724
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