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Occurrence and pattern of disability in rural settings in Nigeria

100%

Mbada C. E., Daramola O., Ademoyegun A., Ibidunmoye D. O., Olatoye F. O., Olatoye O., Sonuga A. O., Oyewole I.

Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective

2020

vol. 9

issue 16

23-36

Background and objectives: Disability is a major public health problem in the developing countries. Yet studies and census reports from developing countries provide insufficient information on disability profiles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess occurrence, patterns and socio-demographic correlates of disability in selected rural settings in Nigeria. Materials and methods: This house to house cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 residents in Moro and Edunabon communities in Ife North Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. Disability was classified according to the World Health Organization International classification with criteria based on functional limitation. Households were considered as the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the analysis of the data obtained. The alpha level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The total occurrence of disability was 16%. Visual disability was the most prevalent (6%) and it was significantly associated with age (χ2=11.702; p= 0.010). The recorded locomotor, mental, speech and hearing disabilities constituted 5%, 2%, 1% and 2% respectively of the total population surveyed. The overall occurrence was found to be higher among males and the middle-aged group (31-50) and significantly correlated with low socioeconomic status. There was a significant association between visual impairment and age (χ 2=11.702; p= 0.010); hearing disability and marital status (χ2=21.747; p= 0.003); as well as mental disability and marital status (χ2=21.747; p= 0.003). Conclusion: A high occurrence of disability was identified among rural residents in Nigeria, especially among males, those with low socio-economic status, those educated up to secondary school, unemployed and married partners. Visual disability, followed by locomotor disability, is the most common type. It is related to age, while marital status significantly correlates with hearing and mental disability.

Economic appraisal of flood protection projects

72%

Manteuffel Szoege H., Bukowski M.

Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego

2010

vol. 10(25)

issue 3

A model of the economic appraisal of flood protection projects using the NPV indicator is presented with a recent enlargements concerning economic valuation of casualties and psychological losses in victims’ well-being. This year’s series of big floods in Poland has made this topic come back to public attention.

Tetrabromobisfenol A – toksyczność, narażenie środowiskowe i zawodowe

58%

Jarosiewicz M., Bukowska B.

Medycyna Pracy

2017

vol. 68

issue 1

121-134

Brominated flame retardants (BFR), including tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) represents 25% of the global market of flame retardants. Among them, TBBPA is used on the largest scale (approx. 60%) because of its firebreak properties and widespread occurrence in every day products such as furniture, upholstery, adhesives and electronic equipment. A broad application of TBBPA can contribute to environmental pollution. Tetrabromobisphenol A has been determined in soil, water, river sediments and the atmosphere. Tetrabromobisphenol A is characterized by a high value of coefficient n-octanol/water (log P = 4.5), low acidity, and it may exist in undissociated or dissociated form. Due to the high hydrophobicity, TBBPA may accumulate in living organisms, including humans at different food chain levels. The occurrence of TBBPA in humans, e.g., in blood, fat tissue and mother milk, has been reported. Tetrabromobisphenol A is classified as hazard statements (H) H400/H410, which means that it is toxic to aquatic biota, causing long-term changes in these organisms. Up to now, only a few studies have been conducted to assess potential toxicity of high doses of TBBPA to mammals. Although many people are occupationally exposed to TBBPA during production or processing of this substance in their workplaces, there are only a few studies that have assessed the real hazard associated with TBPPA exposure. The aim of the study was to discuss the latest literature (mainly from the years 2010–2016) referring to the presence of TBBPA in the environment and its effects to living organisms. Data concerning occupational exposure to TBBPA were also presented. Med Pr 2017;68(1):121–134

Tetrabromobisfenol A (tetrabromobisphenol A – TBBPA) należy do grupy bromowanych związków uniepalniających (brominated flame retardants – BFR), stanowiących aż 25% rynku wszystkich substancji opóźniających palenie. Wśród nich TBBPA wykorzystywany jest na największą skalę (ok. 60%) ze względu na jego powszechne zastosowanie przeciwogniowe w produktach codziennego użytku, takich jak meble, obicia, obudowy sprzętów elektronicznych, akcesoria elektrotechniczne i kleje. Szerokie zastosowanie omawianego związku może przyczyniać się do zanieczyszczenia środowiska. Tetrabromobisfenol A wykryto w glebie, wodzie, osadach rzecznych i ściekowych oraz powietrzu. Retardant ten charakteryzuje się wysoką wartością współczynnika podziału oktanol/woda (log P = 4,5), niską kwasowością oraz występowaniem w formie zdysocjowanej i niezdysocjowanej. Ze względu na dużą hydrofobowość TBBPA może kumulować się w organizmach żywych na różnych poziomach łańcucha pokarmowego, w tym także u ludzi. Tetrabromobisfenol A oznaczono w ludzkim materiale biologicznym, takim jak osocze, tkanka tłuszczowa czy mleko matek. Tetrabromobisfenol A został zaklasyfikowany jako H400/H410 (zwrot wskazujący rodzaj zagrożenia – hazard statements (H)) czyli związek toksyczny dla organizmów wodnych, powodujący zmiany długoterminowe. Nieliczne badania donoszą o potencjalnej toksyczności wysokich dawek TBBPA dla ssaków. Chociaż wiele osób jest narażonych zawodowo na TBBPA zarówno podczas jego produkcji, jak i przetwarzania w miejscu pracy, jest bardzo mało badań oceniających realne zagrożenie tym retardantem. Celem pracy było zebranie i omówienie najnowszej literatury (głównie z lat 2010–2016) dotyczącej obecności TBBPA w środowisku i jego działania na organizmy żywe. Omówiono także prace prezentujące dane o zawodowym narażeniu na TBBPA. Med. Pr. 2017;68(1):121–134

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1 Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective

1 Medycyna Pracy

1 Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego

1 Ademoyegun A.

1 Bukowska B.

1 Bukowski M.

1 Daramola O.

1 Ibidunmoye D. O.

1 Jarosiewicz M.

1 Manteuffel Szoege H.

1 Mbada C. E.

1 Olatoye F. O.

1 Olatoye O.

1 Oyewole I.

1 Sonuga A. O.

1 2020

1 2017

1 2010

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Occurrence and pattern of disability in rural settings in Nigeria

Economic appraisal of flood protection projects

Tetrabromobisfenol A – toksyczność, narażenie środowiskowe i zawodowe