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PL
The main legal problem which is addressed in this article focuses on impact of expiry of the time limit of the perpetual usufruct of a property on the right of separate ownership of the premises in a building on the land kept in perpetual usufruct. The author collates two opposed theories and argues that the separate ownership of premises should expired also. This outlook was not shared by the Supreme Court in the seven judges’ Resolution of 25 August 2017, III CZP 11/17, therefor, the thesis from it are analyzed and criticized. In author’s opinion, the courts should pass in accordance with the rules (Article 235 § 2 CC in conjunction with Article 3(1) and Article 4(3) of the Act of 24 June 1994 on Ownership of Premises) and the judgments which refer to principles of equity should be marked negative.
EN
The creation of separate ownership of premises ex lege by way of transformation of the cooperative ownership right to premises into the right of separate ownership of premises is regulated in Art. 1718 sec. 1 of the Act on housing cooperatives. The subject of the article is one of the problems generated by the indicated regulation, and concerning the undeterminable shape of the institution of separate ownership of premises established ex lege (objective scope of ownership of premises and common property). It has been shown in the work that there are no regulations corresponding to the problems generated by the situation of the creation of separate ownership of the premises by law. Thus, housing communities formed in this mode were left without legal tools to resolve conflicts closely related to the creation of separate ownership of premises by law. In particular, these disputes may be related to the determination of the legal status of the property to which individual owners are entitled and the amount of shares in the joint ownership of the common property.
PL
Przedmiotem tego artykułu jest analiza regulacji prawnych dotyczący dostępu telekomunikacyjnego ustanawianego w trybie art. 30 u.wsp.rozw.telkom. Specyfiką tego dostępu jest, że zakres podmiotów zobowiązanych częściowo pokrywa się z kręgiem osób będących rzeczywistymi beneficjentami ustanowienia tego dostępu. Występowanie tych zależności jest konsekwencję złożonych stosunków własnościowych obejmujących nieruchomość wspólną, które zostały przedstawione w punkcie 2. W punkcie 3 oraz 4 dokonano analizy obowiązujących przepisów ustawy o wspieraniu rozwoju i usług sieci telekomunikacyjnych dotyczących kręgu podmiotów zobowiązanych do ustanowienia dostępu, z której wynika, że z tego zakresu powinien być wyłączony zarządca. Ponadto niewłaściwe jest też normatywne zakwalifikowanie umowy o ustanowienie dostępu jako czynności zwykłego zarządu, gdyż skutkuje to ograniczeniem współwłaścicieli nieruchomości w wykonywaniu ich prawa. Są oni pozbawieniem kompetencji w sprawie decydowania komu, i na jakich zasadach, udzielić dostępu do nieruchomości, co zagraża ich bezpieczeństwu i spokojnemu zamieszkaniu (tzw. mirowi posesji). W podsumowaniu przedstawiono dwa wnioski de lege ferenda, które zapewnią wybór najlepszego operator w oparciu o decyzje większościowa, co zapewni konkurencyjność usług oferowanych przez operatorów telekomunikacyjnych.
EN
The main subject of this article is the presentation of basic differences between the legal construction of the access to a fixed location (telecommunication infrastructure) which belongs to the real property owner who is not a telecommunication entrepreneur (so called the last mile access to property) and the general regulation on the access to the fixed location which belongs to another entrepreneur (which is governed by Art. 139 of the telecommunication law). The law requires the property manager to allow access to the fixed location situated on the real property. He is also entitled to conclude a contract on it. The article concludes that this regulation does not protect the interests of end users, especially those who have a strong legal title to the dwelling space in the building and who are simultaneously the co-owners of the common part of the property. The final conclusion is that the law should protect the common interest of end users so that the decision to establish the access shall be taken by the majority of votes of the end users who have a strong legal title to the dwelling space in the building.
EN
The study indicates the necessary corrections to the existing regulation of two important institutions, also important for notarial practice: separate ownership of premises and a housing community. The author proposes that the act on ownership of premises clearly regulate the situation of participation in the right of perpetual usufruct in the event that this right has expired due to the negligence of the owners of the premises, and the reverse situation. What happens with the share in perpetual usufruct or ownership in a situation where, for various reasons, the premises which are the subject of separate ownership disappear. Moreover, it postulates that expressly in Art. 6 of the aforementioned Act stipulate that the housing community is not a legal person, but has legal capacity.
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