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Oflagi w pamięci indywidualnej i zbiorowej

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Matuchniak-Krasuska A.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
|
2015
|
issue 4(35)
243-256
EN
The text presents basic historical data about oflags, and also sociological concepts useful for their analysis. Oflag, is a short form for Offizierslager für kriegsgefangene Offiziere, a German prisoner of war camp for officers which existed during the 2nd World War. Within twenty military regions of Germany, there were almost 800 different camps, where 10 million prisoners of war from Europe and United States of America were incarcerated (among them there were half a million of Polish officers and soldiers). Oflags are subject of many historical, sociological and psychological studies. Concepts of totalitarian institutions by E. Goffman, culture and its collerates by S. Ossowski, cultural systems by A. Kłoskowska and B. Sułkowski, social frames of remembrance by M. Halbswach, are all helpful in oflags description and analysis. The framework of this study is an analysis of social remembrance – individual and collective, and its carriers – cultural correlates, such as necropolises, sites of former prisoner of war camps, utility objects, artistic objects (graphics, sculptures, literary texts, songs), documents (photographs, letters). They operate in private and public circuits, where memory sphere abrades with non remembrance sphere – oblivion and exclusion.
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Oflag II C Woldenberg – analiza socjologiczna enklawy wojennej

81%
Matuchniak-Krasuska A.
Opuscula Sociologica
|
2014
|
issue 1(7)
25-40
PL
Przedmiotem analizy jest obóz dla oficerów Oflag II C Woldenberg, jako enklawa i eksklawa wojenna z lat 1939–1945. Woldenberg to obecnie Dobiegniew w województwie lubuskim. Obozy jenieckie tworzone przez niemieckich nadzorców z Wehrmachtu to przykłady eksklaw, nastawionych na izolację w złych warunkach tysięcy żołnierzy i oficerów oraz wykluczenie ich z normalnego życia. Organizacja życia jeńców wewnątrz świata podwładnych, zwłaszcza działalność kulturalna, edukacyjna, sportowa to przykłady tworzenia enklaw umożliwiających przetrwanie. W artykule skoncentrowano się na studium przypadku Oflagu II C Woldenberg (w tym zwłaszcza enklawie sportowej). Problematykę obozową przedstawiono przy użyciu pojęć eksklaw i enklaw, prowadząc do skonstruowania typologii: enklaw/eksklaw przestrzennych, funkcjonalnych, statusowych, repertuarowych oraz wielorakich enklaw/eksklaw sportowych (związanych z dyscyplinami sportowymi, klubami, rolami zawodników, amatorów, kibiców, instruktorów, władz obozowych, wydarzeniami sportowymi i zajęciami w-f). Artykuł stanowi studium z pogranicza historii i socjologii (socjologii kultury i socjologii sportu), zmierzające do wykazania przydatności pojęć enklaw i eksklaw do analizy świata społecznego oflagu – obozu; a także przykład pewnej „gry socjologicznej”.
EN
The subject of the analysis is the camp for officers Oflag II C Woldenberg as an enclave and war enclave in the years 1939-1945. The current name of Woldenberg is Dobiegniew in the Lubuskie province (woivodeship). Prisoners of war camps founded by the German Wermacht wardens were an example of enclaves the aim of which was to isolate thousands of soldiers and officers in very bad conditions and exclude them from normal life. The organization of life of the prisoners of war within the world of subordinates, primarily their cultural, educational and sports activities, were examples of enclaves which made it possible for them to survive. The article focuses on the case study of Oflag II C Woldenberg, particularly on its sports enclave. The question of the camp has been presented by employing the concepts of exclaves and enclaves leading to constructing the following typology: enclaves/exclaves – spatial, functional, based on status or repertoire and other multiple sports enclaves/exclaves relevant to sports disciplines, clubs, roles of contestants, amateurs, instructors, coaches, fans, camp authorities, sports events and physical exercises. The study is on the borderline between a historical and a sociological approach (sociology of culture and sociology of sport) attempting to show the usefulness of the concepts of enclaves and exclaves in the analysis of the Oflag- camp social world. It is also an example of a ‘sociological game’.
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