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Rozprzestrzenianie się instytucji ombudsmana w Europie i w świecie

100%
Banaszak N.
Studia Administracyjne
|
2009
|
issue 1
107-131
PL
Instytucja Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich istnieje w Polsce już 20 lat. Rozpoczęła ona swoją działalność l stycznia 1988 r. na mocy ustawy z 15 lipca 1987 r. Mimo upływu stosunkowo dość długiego okresu od ustanowienia tej instytucji działalność rzecznika nie jest zbyt często tematem opracowań czy rozważań w piśmiennictwie prawniczym. Dzieje się tak z kilku powodów, a pewnym wyjaśnieniem tego zjawiska może być przytoczenie danych obrazujących rozmiary działalności.
EN
In Poland we deal with the very deep transformation and connected with it often changes of the law. In this situation we may observe many irregularities in activities of the state bodies, especially its administration. The problem of control over performing the authority of the state is timeless. That is why institutions aimed at protecting members of communities from lawlessness of the state, that is the apparatus to carry out orders of the authorities and possible to define nowadays as administration have been created since forever. To such institutions, with the both subjective and objective meaning, we should count the instrument of the complaint against the authorities, the instrument of law to file petitions and then a formation of specific judicial bodies. The institution of ombudsman also belongs to the instruments of this type. The control that the Ombudsman exercises may be defined as the social-legal one.
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Public Truths and Their Legal Protection

51%
Klinowski M.
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej
|
2020
|
vol. 3(24)
7-23
EN
In this paper I deal with two key concepts of a modern political theory, i.e. truth and public interest, and examine relationships between them. This subject seems particularly important in the context of the observed crisis of the liberal democracy and the spread of misinformation and fake news. I argue that there is a need to create a public system of protection designed to defend the logical status of those statements which have a value for the society. By using the notion of public interest as a tool for analysis, I demonstrate how such a system might be structured. I suggest employing existing public institutions to construct a system of public protection of the truth, yet supplemented by a coordinating body based on the ombudsman model.
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