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PL
The author, in his paper, pays close attention to the uncontrolled dialectics ofdeath within human existence; that which is actively experienced but passivelysustained; is the end of everything but the beginning of something new; is absolutecertainty but unpredictable uncertainty; is always and only personal for me but  always and only personal for others, too. In fact, it is very difficult to explain themeaning of death from an ontological study of death: if and how death exists in thearea of human experience; if death is an immanent possibility for personal existenceor, is it introduced from outwith and occurs when we are not still living. To respondto these questions, the author proposes to use the bridging term, with which variousphilosophical positions can be qualified. This bridging term is ‘distance’ and ourdeath experience is defined as the distance between man (person acting) and hissubject (experience). The dialectical nature of this experience implies that deathmight be through an infinite separation or an infinite closeness to man. Driftingbetween those faraway shores, we can find in Emmanuel Levinas’ philosophy. Herefers to death as Other (something else for man), but this does not mean that deathis strange or unknown within one’s life experience.
EN
Ontology of death in the stories of Gaito Gazdanov The article analyzes the stories of Gaito Gazdanov A Tale of Three Failures, Transformation, Black Swans, Hawaiian Guitars, grouped by the author’s aesthetics of death. Ontology of Thanatos manifests itself in them in different ways: death is interpreted as an ordinary failure, as an event “natural” in unnatural conditions (A Tale of Three Failures); as a phenomenon metaphysical, attractive and inaccessible to human understanding (Transformation); as a conscious choice and cold calculation, which is aesthetized by the author (Black Swans); as a gradual withdrawal from life and a tragic inevitability, confronting the vanity, pettiness and vulgarity of the surrounding life, which allows to reveal the existential nature of Gazdanov’s creativity (Hawaiian Guitars).
PL
Ontologia śmierci w opowiadaniach Gajto Gazdanowa W artykule analizie poddano połączone autorską estetyką śmierci opowiadania Gajto Gazdanowa: Opowieść o trzech nieszczęściach, Przemiana, Czarne łabędzie oraz Gitary hawajskie. Ontologia Tanatosa przejawia się w nich na różne sposoby: śmierć interpretowana jest jako zwyczajne nieszczęście, wydarzenie „naturalne” w nienaturalnych warunkach (Opowieść o trzech nieszczęściach); jako zjawisko metafizyczne, atrakcyjne i niedostępne dla ludzkiego zrozumienia (Przeobrażenie); jako świadomy wybór i estetyzowane przez autora chłodne kalkulacje (Czarne łabędzie); jako stopniowe odchodzenie od życia i tragiczna nieuchronność, przeciwstawione próżności, małostkowości i wulgarności otaczającego życia, co pozwala na odkrycie egzystencjalnego charakteru twórczości Gazdanowa (Gitary hawajskie).
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