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EN
The article is dedicated to virtuosity of vocal arias in Giulio Cesare in Egitto by George Frideric Handel. The main goal of this text is to examine the form of the opera and the role of an artistic expression in the arias. This paper presents the overall situation of Italian opera in Britain in the eighteenth century and justifies the position of G.F. Handel as a leading composer of that period. The text shows fiction and reality in libretto by N.F. Haym (a comparison of the real history of Caesar and Cleopatra with the opera, by means of juxtaposition of historical works and translations of sources from ancient Rome known in the British Isles in the early eighteenth century).
EN
The article is dedicated to hidden meaning in musical arrangement of the operatic arias by George Frideric Handel. The main goal of this text is to redefine the true nature of villains heroes in Handel's operas. The analysis contains examples of five works: Giulio Cesare in Egitto (HWV 17), Rodelinda (HWV 19), Ariodante (HWV 33), Alcina (HWV 34) and Xerxes (HWV 40) upon which examination of traditional role of rascals (which are Tolomeo, Grimoaldo, Polinesso, Alcina and Xerxes) reveals their secret keeping positive aspects. The composer changed the original meaning of the libretti by using compositional techniques traditionally linked with positive heroes. In addition the comparison of listed works allows to assess to what extent the strict categories form a opera seria type were modified by Handel and shapes new questions for further examination.
EN
This study presents the effect of the principles of dramatic poetics with regard to the way the concept of a character in eighteenth-century opera seria was formed. Similarly to the rococo message of Antoine Watteau’s paintings, this genre of opera was characterised by melancholic sophistication, the rule of the artificiality of the presented world and an allegorical plan of reference that assumed an intellectualised strategy of reception of a work of art. The article presents the path to the formation of a model eighteenth-century-opera character, from the transformation of the principles of Aristotelian poetics due to the influence of the rhetorical and scholastic tradition and later due to that of the poetics of French classicism. Händel’s Alcina serves as an example of the superiority of ethos and pathos, i.e. of the presentation of the affects and internal states of the titular character, over other elements of the drama. It is also used to explain to what extent the project of the rococo opera, artificial and challenging the probability rule, practises the mimetic postulates of artistics presentation.
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