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Legal Basis for the Cooperation of Police Services with Informers – Outline of the Issues

100%
Herbowski P.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
|
2020
|
vol. 31(31)
90-108
EN
The subject of this analysis is the legal basis for cooperation between police services and informers. This form of operational and reconnaissance activities plays a key role in the system of activities aimed at combating crime. The issues raised herein have an important theoretical and practical significance because all police services cooperate with informers, and the collected information often cause seemingly imperceptible but far-reaching legal effects. In the Polish legal system, this cooperation has been unregulated for many years, which results in a constant decrease in its effectiveness and is a serious threat to the legal security of officers who conduct this kind of activities. Thus it is necessary to regulate many important problems related to this cooperation in the competence acts of the police services.
2
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Legal Basis for the Cooperation of Police Services with Informers – Outline of the Issues

100%
Herbowski P.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
|
2019
|
vol. 31(31)
90-108
EN
The subject of this analysis is the legal basis for cooperation between police services and informers. This form of operational and reconnaissance activities plays a key role in the system of activities aimed at combating crime. The issues raised herein have an important theoretical and practical significance because all police services cooperate with informers, and the collected information often cause seemingly imperceptible but far-reaching legal effects. In the Polish legal system, this cooperation has been unregulated for many years, which results in a constant decrease in its effectiveness and is a serious threat to the legal security of officers who conduct this kind of activities. Thus it is necessary to regulate many important problems related to this cooperation in the competence acts of the police services.
3

Fałszerstwa dokumentów operacyjnych a badania pismoznawcze

100%
Herbowski P., Bukowski J.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
|
2016
|
vol. 39
155-166
EN
The problem of operational documents forgery has been existing in the police and special forces for many years. It should not, however, be underestimated, as it results from insufficient supervision of their superiors. Handwriting examinations are useful in detecting and proving above mentioned practice, but also may provide a kind of psychological barrier against taking such criminal activities.
4
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Założenia normatywne pracy operacyjnej Milicji Obywatelskiej w latach 1975–1990

63%
Pączek T.
Aparat Represji w Polsce Ludowej 1944–1989
|
2022
|
issue 20
555-581
EN
The Citizens’ Militia (MO) after the Stalinist period was looking for a new operating model. Operational instructions created after 1956 were aimed primarily at combating criminal and economic crime. The goal of the MO’s management was to include the main issues of operational work (spies, surveillance, operational matters) into one normative act. Ultimately, this was achieved in 1974, when a new operational manual was introduced, which generally covered all aspects of the MO’s operational work. The search for the concept of MO’s operational work bore fruit in the seventies and eighties, when certain standards of this work were in force, and the operational manual of 1974 was not repealed until the end of MO’s activity, that is until 1990.
PL
Milicja Obywatelska po okresie stalinowskim poszukiwała nowego modelu pracy operacyjnej. Instrukcje operacyjne powstałe po 1956 r. służyły przede wszystkim zwalczaniu przestępczości kryminalnej i gospodarczej. Kierownictwo MO dążyło do tego, by główne zagadnienia pracy operacyjnej (agentura, inwigilacja, sprawy operacyjne) ująć w jednym akcie normatywnym. Ostatecznie udało się to w 1974 r., gdy wprowadzono nową instrukcję. Stworzenie tej koncepcji przyniosło owoce w latach siedemdziesiątych i osiemdziesiątych, kiedy obowiązywały określone standardy pracy operacyjnej. Instrukcja z 1974 r. nie została uchylona do końca działalności MO, tj. do roku 1990.
5
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Normatywne ujęcie czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych w aspekcie dowodu nielegalnego

63%
Nowicki N.
Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
|
2021
|
vol. 13
|
issue 24
333-350
EN
The issues discussed in this article refer to the normative status of operational and investigative activities in the context of the Police Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure. Namely, an attempt was made to demonstrate the conditions that affect the legal nature of surveillance, and thus the effective use of operational material in a criminal trial. For this purpose, the covert activity of the Police has been characterized by listing acceptable operational methods and defining operational and reconnaissance activities in the light of the literature on the subject. Therefore, in order to fully illustrate the issues discussed, an analysis was conducted of the legal relationship between the illegal evidence referred to in Art. 168a of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the evidence from operational and reconnaissance activities, on the example of an ordered operational control. The practical dimension of these considerations is discussed from the point of view of evidence proceedings, taking into account the procedural roles and responsibilities of the prosecutor and the court.
PL
Zagadnienia omawiane w niniejszym artykule dotyczą statusu normatywnego czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych w kontekście ustawy o Policji oraz kodeksu postępowania karnego. Podjęto próbę wskazania warunków, które rzutują na legalny charakter inwigilacji, a co za tym idzie – na skuteczne wykorzystanie materiału operacyjnego w procesie karnym. W tym celu scharakteryzowano niejawną aktywność Policji, wyszczególniając dopuszczalne metody operacyjne oraz definiując czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawcze w świetle literatury przedmiotu. Aby w pełni zobrazować problematykę poruszoną w artykule, przeanalizowano relację prawną między dowodem nielegalnym, o którym mowa w art. 168a kpk, a dowodem z czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych, na przykładzie zarządzonej kontroli operacyjnej. Praktyczny wymiar tych rozważań omówiono z punktu widzenia postępowania dowodowego, z uwzględnieniem ról i obowiązków procesowych prokuratora oraz sądu.
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