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1
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Money Cares. Institutional Entrepreneurship in the Finnish Social Services Sector

100%
Morenheimo P.
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
|
2015
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vol. 11
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issue 2
83-104
EN
Money cares. Institutional Entrepreneurship in the Finnish Social Services Sector
2

A Multicultural Family. Positive Aspects and Difficulties

100%
Sigva R. M.
Roczniki Teologiczne
|
2018
|
vol. 65
|
issue 10: Nauki o rodzinie - English Online Version
17-39
EN
The phenomenon of being intercultural or multicultural is a demographic reality resulting from globalization, talent flow, forced migration, and family reunification. Multiculturalism is slowly occurring even in countries that have not historically been receiving a large number of immigrants, such as Poland. The author describes our multicultural families in the aspect of positive sides and disadvantages.
3
Content available remote

Wielofunkcyjność obszarów wiejskich w Polsce

88%
Sikora J.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
|
2012
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issue 2(24)
215-226
EN
Multifunctional development of rural areas involves implementation of new non-agricultural functions, such as production, commerce or services. This strategy results from social and economic difficulties in these areas, economic underdevelopment, ineffective agricultural farms and unemployment. The research material used in the paper included analysis of the related literature, analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey carried out in the area of Poland and the author’s own observations. As results from the study, rural areas should perform the functions of food production, environmental protection, culture, tourism and providing services for municipal areas. These functions should provide the basis for development of additional non-agricultural activity. This involves the plans made by people who live in the country for starting businesses in the area of services, commerce, transport, tourism and craftsmanship and handicraft. The non- -agricultural activities which have already been performed suggest, on the one hand, opti-mistic opportunities of growth in rural areas but, on the other hand, are not conducive to the development of agricultural functions, which are inherent in rural areas.
4
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Why and how healthy enterprises invest in distressed companies? Theoretical background of motivation and market statistics of distressed investments on global M&A market

88%
Mikutowski M.
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
|
2019
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vol. 3
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issue 2
17-26
EN
The utilisation of opportunities by enterprises as the main factor in their development has been the subject of many researchers’ deliberations in recent years. In the author’s perspective, the processes of mergers and acquisitions, in particular, related to investments in distressed assets are a very clear reflection of the strategy of entrepreneurial opportunities utilisation in both passive and creationist approaches. In this paper, the author tries to identify areas where the theory of entrepreneurial opportunities as a part of management studies are reflected in mergers and acquisitions operations. By applying distressed asset investments to the theory of entrepreneurial opportunities, a more in-depth understanding of the motivation of enterprises to make mergers and acquisitions is possible. Additionally, by referring to market practice and empirical research, the author intends to present arguments that allow combining the elements of the leading theories concerning management through opportunities, and this type of investment is a crucial part of modern company management strategy.
5
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Civil society development in Germany: challenges and opportunities

88%
Pape U.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
|
2020
|
vol. 50
7-25
EN
This article provides a snapshot analysis of civil society development in Germany. Based on an online survey and in-depth-interviews with civil society experts, conducted in 2016, it studies the challenges and opportunities experienced by German civil society organizations (CSOs). The article highlights the perceptions of the context conditions of civil society development and analyses the organisational responses which CSOs have adopted in response to a changes in their societal and political environment. The study argues that German CSOs have mainly experienced difficulties with fundraising and project organization, including problems with adhering to increasingly bureaucratic funding regulations. Among societal and political challenges, CSO representatives mentioned societal cleavages and stressed the role of CSOs in fostering integration and building bridges among diverse groups of society. Three organizational case studies illustrate how CSOs have managed to deal with changes in their environment. Although German CSOs have been experiencing challenges, they described the context conditions as relatively stable and favourable. From a theoretical perspective, the study contributes to the discussion on the “shrinking spaces for civil society”, as it shows that CSOs are adaptable and can develop despite external challenges.
6
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Insurance Market in the Light of Covid-19 Pandemic

88%
Ratowska-Dziobiak E.
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
|
2022
|
issue 2 (Numer Specjalny)
73-86
EN
The COVID-19 pandemic has been compared to world wars or other tragic events in terms of the death toll it has taken and huge economic losses it has caused. It is not a finished process, so it is difficult to predict the scale of its impact. According to IMF estimates, the contraction of the world economy will be much greater than in the years of the financial crisis of 2008–2009. The negative effects in different countries may depend on the severity and extent of the applied lock-down or interventions undertaken by governments. Changes taking place in various sectors of the economy are of a different nature. The effects of the pandemic can be also seen in the insurance segment. The aim of this article is to find answers to the following research questions: To what extent did the COVID-19 pandemic affect the situation on the insurance market? In which areas are its consequences particularly visible? What kind of opportunities and threats does the pandemic bring from the perspective of the insurance market? Methodology. The analysis used available scientific publications, reports prepared by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority, Polish Insurance Association and entities conducting brokerage activities or selected consulting companies. The result of the research. In a few days, in March 2020, a real revolution took place on the insurance market. The insurers faced the need to introduce completely remote customer service. They also had to launch new tools, which in many cases were still in the testing phase and which they did not have the opportunity to use on a large scale. With the onset of the pandemic, they were quickly implemented. It was related to additional funds, huge commitment and discipline of all employees, liquidators, agents, sales departments, and administration. Consequent on this, clients gained full access to all services and insurance products, without leaving home. On the other hand, pandemic has led to the significant changes within the demand for the insurance services and customers’ expectations, but also to growing scale of damages and compensation paid to the clients leading to the higher insurance premiums.
7
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Security Culture as a Challenge for Uniformed Services and Other Citizens

75%
Filipek A. W.
Internal Security
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2020
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vol. 12(2)
7-19
EN
In the modern world, conditions in various spheres of human security are changing at a very fast pace. How non-traditional events are interpreted and the kind of approach to all kinds of transformations may be conducive to a higher frequency of beneficial effects of these changes. The appropriate nature and level of security culture can contribute to perpetuating beneficial trends in solving specific problems, to dealing more effectively with difficult situations, treated as challenges, which can often result in opportunities, and not only as threats. The responsibility of officers of various services, not only for themselves, but also for their subordinates, as well as for decisive decisions resulting from legal conditions, has an even greater impact on the need for strong consolidation of individual judgements, verdicts or decisions. Relying on a personal security culture in various types of situations can more often have a positive impact on the functioning of the entity and their environment, provided that this security culture is of an acceptable character and high level. The author points out that a favourable culture of security for uniformed personnel and citizens will be conducive to a higher level of security.
8
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Ekonomiczne znaczenie społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w województwie małopolskim

75%
Zuzek D. K.
Przegląd Zachodniopomorski
|
2014
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issue 3/1
311-320
EN
The idea of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development of enterprises is more and more space in the theory and practice of business. Practically every corporation and a large company implements CSR , and their example goes as many small and medium-sized enterprises. However, they face a lot of barriers that hinder significantly or at least slow down the process of implementing this idea. In this article used the results of research carried out in 2012 on a group of 250 randomly selected companies in the Malopolska province belonging to the SME sector.
9
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Analysis of risks and investments’ opportunities in water sector

75%
Zeneli F.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
|
2016
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issue 13
128-137
EN
While water demand is projected to grow by 41% by 2030, considering also the ultimate reserves of drinking water, it is believed that this element will attract the majority of investments in the coming decades. Opportunities in drinking water sector are numerous, because its process of providing and delivery of drinking water includes many aspects: management of infrastructure, design of technological solutions, conservation and water’s quality. These opportunities result from the difference between water supply and water demand; an increasingly difference that requires capital investments in production and water treatment technologies. Investments need to be combined with the knowledge on the legislation, regulatory framework and technological developments. This article may serve to clarify type of investments in drinking water sector, known by literature, to identify opportunities of investment in this sector, indicating the theoretical framework of beta and alpha risk ratio coefficient calculation and to suggest how these types of investments can be allocated to the investment portfolios.
10
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Opportunities and Threats Analysis for European Born Global Companies on the Chinese Market.

75%
Pawęta E., Chiu C.-Y.
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
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2015
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issue 3
177-187
EN
Companies which do not follow traditional internationalization path, but start international activities immediately after their founding, are called born global companies in the international literature. This relatively new type of international entrepreneurship can be challenging due to limited international experience and lack of resources. It seems even more difficult to internationalize a venture directly from Europe to the Chinese market. The purpose of the paper is to analyze potential opportunities and threats for European born globals entering the Chinese market. The study shows that the main opportunities provided by the Chinese market are: its size, rapid growth (which is, however, slowing down), increasing consumer middle class, modern infrastructure, cheap workforce supply, improvement in workforce qualifications and political stability. Unfortunately, there are also some threats of rapid internationalization in the Chinese market which are caused by cultural, social and political differences. The main threats of the Chinese market are: rising costs, slowing market growth, increasing competition, HR problems, dumping, protectionism and legal issues (including intellectual property rights, corruption, lack of transparency, certifi cation and requirements concerning technical norms).
11
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Redundancja w ujęciu Rafała Krupskiego wobec teorii społeczno-ekologicznego gospodarowania

63%
Szplit A.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
|
2023
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vol. 67
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issue 5
247-257
EN
Management as a science is still evolving. The perception of this by socio-ecological relations is also changing. As a result, alternative concepts are emerging that consider current challenges. The 4th industrial revolution also causes changes, creates new products and services, and forces changes on the labor market. Different conditions for running a business are created, considered based on unprecedented criteria. Building the company's strategy plays an important role in this. The publication refers to the research of Rafał Krupski and his concept of creating a strategy with the requirements of identifying opportunities and defining the redundancy of resources and competences. This concept is confronted with the assumptions of the theory of social and ecological management.
PL
Zarządzanie jako nauka wciąż ewoluuje. Postrzeganie zarządzania przez relacje społeczno- ekologiczne również się zmienia. Powstają w związku z tym alternatywne koncepcje uwzględniające aktualne wyzwania. Czwarta rewolucja przemysłowa kreuje powstawanie nowych produktów, usług, wymusza zmianę na rynku pracy. Powstają inne warunki prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej, rozpatrywane w oparciu o niespotykane do tej pory kryteria. Ważne w tym miejsce zajmuje budowanie strategii przedsiębiorstwa. W publikacji nawiązuje się do badań Rafała Krupskiego i jego koncepcji kreowania strategii z wymogami identyfikacji okazji i zdefiniowania redundancji zasobów i kompetencji.
12
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Modern Technology as the New Context of Child Development: Opportunities and Threats

63%
Kienig A.
Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej
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2017
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vol. 16
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issue 2
EN
The use of new information and communications technology (ICT) by young children is a source of controversy in many countries. It is extremely important to understand the impact of new digital devices (i.e., tablets) on child development. This article explores the occurrence of ICT in the context of child development, learning, and socialization. Specifically, this article focuses on technologies used in early childhood education, including how these new technologies are defined, in what ways they shape childhood (opportunities and threats), their role and potential in early childhood education, as well as the skills that children gain through ICT use. To this end, this article examines both Polish and international literature in the field of psychology and pedagogy regarding the complexity of ICT, the protection of children from the threats of ICT use, and the practical implications of ICT use for parents, teachers, and policy makers.
PL
Powszechne używanie przez małe dzieci nowych technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych wywołuje kontrowersje w wielu krajach. Niezwykle istotne wydaje się zrozumienie wpływu nowych urządzeń cyfrowych, takich jak np. tablety na rozwój dziecka. Celem rozważań jest analiza zjawiska nowych technologii (TIK) jako kontekstu rozwoju, uczenia się i socjalizacji małego dziecka. W artykule skoncentrowano się na technologiach używanych we wczesnej edukacji: jak są definiowane, w jaki sposób wpływają na dzieciństwo (możliwości i zagrożenia), jaka jest rola i potencjał TIK we wczesnej edukacji, jakie nowe kompetencje zdobywają dzieci w kontakcie z TIK. Artykuł jest przeglądem polskiej i zagranicznej literatury psychologicznej i pedagogicznej, wskazano w nim na kompleksowość roli TIK i ochrony dzieci przed zagrożeniami, zawiera także implikacje praktyczne dla rodziców, nauczycieli i decydentów.
13
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Skutki akcesji Turcji do Unii Europejskiej

63%
Pohl A.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2012
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issue 2(343)
269-285
EN
Turkish accession to the European Union has for years been the subject of much debate. This issue is of particular importance in the context of increasingly better economic and political position of a candidate country in the international arena, and economic stagnation in the Member States of the organization. The admission of Turkey into the EU will result in many consequences. The article presents the opportunities, challenges, potential benefits and concerns related to the process of this country’s accession. The author focuses on economic, political and security issues, depicted from the perspective of both parties. The author does not try to assess the positives and the negatives or answer the question of whether Turkey should become a member of the organization.
14
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Gospodarcze szanse Polski w kontekście Nowego Jedwabnego Szlaku

63%
Brzozowski T. T.
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
|
2018
|
vol. 14. Rola przedsiębiorczości w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym
150-161
PL
Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na bezprecedensową inwestycję przywracającą globalne znaczenie dawnego Jedwabnego Szlaku oraz wskazanie ekonomicznych możliwości, przed którymi stoi polska gospodarka w związku z tym przedsięwzięciem. Problematyka dotyczy szans Polski wynikających z otrzymania formalnego zaproszenia do współtworzenia koncepcji Nowego Jedwabnego Szlaku. Decyzje dotyczące powstania nowej architektury, m.in. lądowych i lotniczych połączeń Azji z Europą, oraz rozbudowy dróg, terminali, sieci kolejowych i sieci energetycznych składają się na ogromny projekt globalny. Polska, dzięki dużemu potencjałowi i swej lokalizacji, staje przed szansą na szybszy rozwój infrastruktury wewnętrznej, będącej docelowo kluczową częścią międzynarodowego szlaku transportowego. Inwestycje te z czasem mogą przynieść wymierne korzyści w skali nie tylko lokalnej, ale nade wszystko globalnej. Autor tekstu podejmuje refleksje nad stanem faktycznym planistycznego i logistycznego przygotowania naszego kraju do wymienionych wyzwań. Metodą badawczą jest analiza dostępnych danych oraz wynikających z nich parametrów, pozwalających na postawienie hipotez o charakterze prewidystycznym. Treść artykułu dotyczy także możliwości oraz optymalizacji planowanych działań modernizacyjnych w zakresie przekształcania bądź tworzenia infrastruktury kolejowej i lotniczej. Z uwagi na rozmach oraz duży stopień nieokreśloności zamysłu rewitalizacji Jedwabnego Szlaku rodzi się sporo pytań, które zostały w niniejszym tekście postawione. W obecnym stanie planowania wnioski końcowe są trudne do jednoznacznego sformułowania. Autor ma świadomość, że na odpowiedzi na większość postawionych pytań przyjdzie długo poczekać.
EN
The aim of the article is to draw attention to an unprecedented investment that restores the global importance of the former Silk Road and, in this connection, an indication of the economic opportunities facing the Polish economy. The decisions taken on the emergence of a new architecture, among others. Land and air connections between Asia and Europe and the development of railways, roads, terminals and power grids are a huge global project. Poland, thanks to its huge potential and its location, faces a chance to accelerate the development of its internal infrastructure, which is ultimately a key part of the international transport route. Investments over time can bring measurable benefits not only locally but globally. The text is reflecting on the actual state of planning and logistics of our country’s preparation for these challenges. The analysis also covers the possibility and optimization of the planned modernization measures in the field of transformation or creation of railway and aviation infrastructure. Due to the momentum and the high degree of uncertainty of the idea of revitalizing the New Silk Road, many questions are raised in this text. The author is aware that the answer to most of them will come a long wait.
15

Cloud Computing as a Tool for Improving Business Competitiveness

63%
Wišniewski M.
Foundations of Management
|
2013
|
vol. 5
|
issue 3
75-88
EN
This article organizes knowledge on cloud computing presenting the classification of deployment models, characteristics and service models. The author, looking at the problem from the entrepreneur’s perspective, draws attention to the differences in the benefits depending on the cloud computing deployment models and considers an effective way of selection of cloud computing services according to the specificity of organization. Within this work, a thesis statement was considered that in economic terms the cloud computing is not always the best solution for your organization. This raises the question, “What kind of tools should be used to estimate the usefulness of the model cloud computing services in the enterprise?”
16
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Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu a zrównoważony rozwój przedsiębiorstw

63%
Zuzek D. K.
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie
|
2012
|
issue 2(21)
197-207
PL
Zainteresowanie problematyką społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw (CSR) jest w obecnych czasach coraz większe. Potrzeba rozwoju wspomnianej koncepcji wypływa nie tylko od samych przedsiębiorstw, ale także od społeczności lokalnej, konkurencji, władz szczebla lokalnego i centralnego oraz wielu innych uczestników życia społeczno-gospodarczego, mających pośredni lub bezpośredni wpływ na podmioty gospodarcze. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie idei społecznie odpowiedzialnego biznesu, ze szczególnym wskazaniem korzyści oraz trudności, na jakie napotykają przedsiębiorstwa zainteresowane podejmowaniem działań w obszarze związanym z budowaniem kapitału społecznego. W badaniach ankietowych uwagę zwrócono na znaczenie CSR w budowaniu marki czy wizerunku firmy, jak również tych aspektów, które uniemożliwiają funkcjonowanie analizowanych przedsiębiorstw. Do głównych przeszkód w prowadzeniu biznesu odpowiedzialnego społecznie ankietowani zaliczają przede wszystkim brak świadomości na temat korzyści płynących z CSR i narzędzi, które można stosować wśród pracowników wszystkich szczebli wewnątrz firm. Ankietowani wskazywali także na brak zaangażowania kadry kierowniczej w realizację CSR oraz brak wystarczających budżetów przeznaczanych na stosowanie tej koncepcji. Istotnymi barierami, wskazywanymi przez mniej więcej 1/3 ankietowanych, są: skupienie się firm na sprawach doraźnych i realizowanie strategii krótkoterminowych, a także przekonanie o braku związku między działaniami z obszaru biznesu odpowiedzialnego społecznie a sukcesem rynkowym firmy. Koncepcja społecznej odpowiedzialności konsekwentnie realizowana przez przedsiębiorstwa może jednak przyczynić się do poprawy konkurencyjności i budowania trwałej przewagi nad konkurentami. Wydaje się, że głównym powodem tego, iż zaczyna ona przynosić przedsiębiorstwu wymierne korzyści, są zmieniające się oczekiwania społeczne.
EN
The idea of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development of enterprises is of growing importance for both the theory and practice of business. The need for development of the mentioned concept arises not only from the side of enterprises but also local communities, business competitors, local and central authorities as well as many other participants of social and economic activity with direct or indirect influence on business entities have a vested interest in the concept being implemented. This article presents the idea of social responsibility of businesses with particular consideration given to its benefits and difficulties encountered by the enterprises willing to expend effort to create social equity. There are also presented results of a survey the main purpose of which was to investigate the importance of corporate social responsibility to branding and company image. The survey covers also the aspects which make functioning of the analysed enterprises impossible. The respondents indicated the following main obstacles to running a socially responsible business: ignorance of benefits resulting from CSR, lack of knowledge about how to promote CSR among employees of all levels, lack of management commitment to implementation of CSR and too low budgets to implement the concept. Other important barriers mentioned by about one third of the respondents are the companies focusing on pending business and pursuing short-term strategies as well as the disbelief in a correlation between social responsibility of a company and its commercial success. However, consistent implementation of the social responsibility concept may contribute to improvement in competitiveness and give lasting advantage over business competitors. Corporate social responsibility starts to bring notable benefits probably by reason of changing social expectations.
17
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Equality of the educational opportunities for children and young people from the rural area

63%
Banaszak A. M.
Journal of Modern Science
|
2016
|
issue 1(28)
105-124
EN
The political and economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe requires that each person should be prepared to function in modern society. One way to prepare a person to cope with the modern world is to get a proper education. It can be done through the participation of individuals in the school system. The political and economic changes in Poland forced the reform of the education system. One of the main principles of educational reform after 1989, was the decentralization which means the transfer of responsibility for schools to local government units. One of the main motto of this reform was the idea of equalizing educational opportunities for children and youth. One of the local government’s responsibilities was to take care of this equalizing educational opportunities. It is commonly said that children from rural areas have fewer educational opportunities than their peers from schools located in cities. The educational barriers encountered by students of schools located in a rural area are the reason for such situation. The causes of unequal educational opportunities can be divided into two main groups: the educational system obstacles and the environmental barriers. The subject of this research will analyse the current school system in Poland especially located in rural area and see what kind of changes can be observed there after mentioned reform. In addition, we will examine the barriers encountered by participants of the educational system in rural environment. The aim of this publication is to determine whether and to what extent the barriers cause that children and young people in rural areas are less prepared to become full-fledged members of modern society.
PL
Transformacja polityczna i gospodarcza, jaka dokonała się i dokonuje w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej, wymaga, aby każda osoba była przygotowana do funkcjonowania w nowoczesnym społeczeństwie. Jednym ze sposobów przygotowania jednostki do radzenia sobie we współczesnym świecie jest zdobycie odpowiedniego wykształcenia. Można to osiągnąć poprzez udział w systemie szkolnym (Banaszak, 2013). Zmiany polityczne i gospodarcze w Polsce wymusiły reformy systemu edukacji. Jedną z głównych zasad reformy edukacji po 1989 r. była decentralizacja, co oznacza przeniesienie odpowiedzialności za szkoły na jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. Jednym z głównych haseł tej reformy była idea wyrównywania szans edukacyjnych dzieci i młodzieży, a zadaniem samorządu – zajęcie się owym wyrównywaniem szans edukacyjnych. Powszechnie uważa się, że dzieci uczęszczające do szkół położonych na obszarach wiejskich mają mniejsze szanse edukacyjne niż ich rówieśnicy ze szkół zlokalizowanych w miastach. Powodem takiej sytuacji są bariery edukacyjne napotykane przez uczniów szkół wiejskich. Przyczyny nierównych szans edukacyjnych można podzielić na dwie główne grupy: edukacyjne przeszkody systemowe i bariery środowiskowe. Przedmiotem badań będzie analiza obecnego systemu szkolnego w Polsce, przede wszystkim placówek zlokalizowanych w obszarze wiejskim, a także zaobserwowanie zmian wynikających ze wspomnianej reformy. Ponadto zbadamy bariery napotykane przez uczestników systemu edukacji w środowisku wiejskim. Celem tego opracowania jest określenie, czy i w jakim stopniu bariery powodują, że dzieci i młodzież z obszarów wiejskich są mniej gotowe, aby stać się pełnoprawnymi członkami nowoczesnego społeczeństwa.
18
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Młodzi jako uczestnicy polskich przemian: beneficjenci czy przegrani?

63%
Niezgoda M.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2022
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vol. 48
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issue 1
21-37
EN
In the last 120 years, Polish society has experienced very rapid social changes. It has survived two wars, the regaining of independence, post-partition reconstruction, WorldWar II and the collapse of communism. On top of that, there have been processes of change taking place on a global scale, revolutions in the sphere of politics (ideology), economy and culture, which have been accelerated and strengthened by scientific and technological revolutions. This raises the question: what impact did they have on the witnesses and participants in these transformations? How did they affect their fate? Obviously, they have been experienced by different generations, who had different life experiences or cultural experiences. They might have engaged in these processes differently. This article is concerned with the experiences of youth generations at moments of breakthroughs. This is what this text is devoted to. It is an essay, based on the publications of sociologists and the author’s experience. The focus was on asking questions rather than giving answers.
PL
Ostatnie 120 lat było okresem bardzo gwałtownych przemian społecznych, jakich doświadczyło polskie społeczeństwo. Musiało przetrwać dwie wojny, odzyskiwanie niepodległości, odbudowę po okresie zaborów, po II wojnie światowej i upadku komunizmu. Na to nałożyły się procesy zmian zachodzących w skali globalnej, rewolucji w sferze polityki (ideologii), gospodarki, kultury przyspieszane i wzmacniane przez rewolucję naukową i technologiczną. Pojawia się pytanie, jaki miały one wpływ na świadków i uczestników tych przemian? Jak wpłynęły na ich losy? Oczywiście doświadczały ich różne pokolenia, o odmiennych doświadczeniach życiowych, kulturowych. Być może inaczej się w te procesy angażowały. Przedmiotem tego artykułu są doświadczenia pokoleń młodych w momentach przełomów. Temu poświęcono niniejszy tekst. Będzie miał charakter eseju, opartego o publikacje socjologów i doświadczenia autora. Nastawiono się raczej na stawianie pytań niż formułowanie odpowiedzi.
19
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Content available

The Importance of Locally Embedded Personal Relationships for SME Internationalisation Processes – from Opportunity Recognition to Company Growth

63%
Ratajczak-Mrozek M.
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
|
2014
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vol. 10
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issue 3
89-108
EN
The purpose of the paper is to present the importance of locally embedded personal relationships and individuals’ networks for the rise of small and medium enterprises (SMEs)’ opportunities in the internationalisation process (especially the market entry phase) as well as their international operations and growth. Above all, the aim of the article is to answer the question what is influencing the actual impact of these resulting opportunities on internationalisation and growth. This paper adopts both a conceptual and empirical approach to the problem based upon a critical review of pertinent literature. Two case studies of companies from industries representing different levels of technological advancement, that is the furniture industry and IT industry, are presented.The theoretical and empirical analysis presented in the article points to the fact that relationships simultaneously facilitate opportunity recognition and themselves constitute such an opportunity. The analysis carried out as part of the case study proves that main factors determining the rise of the opportunity based on locally embedded personal relationships are trust and mutual understanding, in this way emphasising the importance of relational embeddedness. At the same time the realisation of these opportunities and therefore their impact on the internationalisation process and a company’s growth requires additional social factors (an entrepreneurial attitude) as well as economic factors (such as quality and competitive prices).
20
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Content available

Podstawowe błędy i problemy w zastosowaniu analizy SWOT w budowie strategii rozwoju turystyki w gminie

63%
Żemła M.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2019
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vol. 33
|
issue 1
153-163
EN
SWOT analysis is among the most popular and most commonly used methods of strategic analysis for creation of document of different types from business plans to strategic plans and strategies. This tool has also gained popularity among territorial self-governments units preparing their strategic documents, including tourism development strategies. The hypothesis that this high popularity is followed by shallowing of its idea and popularisation of few important mistakes in conduction of the analysis is made in the paper. Those mistakes are: wrong interpretation of “opportunities”; no reflection on meaning of particular strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; no justification for appointing particular items; over-optimism and objective reflection missing. As the hypothesis implies only the fact that the mistakes are made from time to time and not that making them becomes a rule, it is enough to verify this hypothesis by appointing existence of stated mistakes in randomly chosen ten strategies of tourism development of ten Polish communities. The strategies were selected by typing the phrase: “strategia rozwoju turystyki w gminie” (community tourism development strategy) to bing.com search engine and selection of first ten records from the received list.
PL
Analiza SWOT należy do najpopularniejszych i najczęściej wykorzystywanych narzędzi analizy strategicznej stosowanych w przygotowywaniu rozmaitych dokumentów, począwszy od biznesplanów, aż po różnorodne plany i strategie. Narzędzie to zyskało także znaczną popularność wśród jednostek samorządu terytorialnego przygotowujących swoje dokumenty strategiczne, w tym strategie rozwoju turystyki. W artykule stawiana jest hipoteza, że rozpowszechnionych zostało kilka istotnych błędów w prowadzeniu analizy SWOT. Powszechność tych błędów może wynikać ze znacznej popularności i czasem nadużywania tej metody, prowadzących do jej spłycenia. Te błędy to: zła interpretacja pojęcia „szanse”; brak refleksji nad znaczeniem wskazanych sił, słabości, szans i zagrożeń; brak obiektywizmu i nadmierny optymizm poszczególnych stwierdzeń; brak szerszego uzasadnienia dla wskazanych sił, słabości, szans i zagrożeń. Ponieważ stawiana hipoteza zakłada jedynie fakt, że wskazane błędy bywają popełniane, a nie że ich popełnianie stało się normą, dlatego wystarczającą metodą jej weryfikacji jest wskazanie ich występowania w analizowanych 10 przypadkowo wybranych strategiach rozwoju turystyki gmin w Polsce. Strategie zostały wybrane poprzez wpisanie do wyszukiwarki bing.com frazy „strategia rozwoju turystyki w gminie” i wybór pierwszych dziesięciu rekordów z wyników wyszukiwania.
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