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Z czaszką mu do twarzy: refleksje nad posthumanistyczną tożsamością Hamleta

100%
Sosnowska M.
Didaskalia. Gazeta Teatralna
|
2022
|
issue 171
50-81
EN
The purpose of my paper is to look at the dislocated world in Hamlet, the identity crisis of the title character, to accompany the anthropocentric Hamlet as he searches for ‘himself’ and attempts to reduce the dislocated joints and fractures in male anthropocentric subjectivity. In this paper, I advance the thesis that the plot of Hamlet is driven by a cultural fantasy of achieving organic unity and a state of homeostasis. To prove the thesis statement, I use the motif of out-of-jointness present in the drama and the graveyard scene in which I ‘look’ inside Yorick’s skull together with Hamlet in search of posthumanist masculinity. Looking at the skull and talking to it, the anthropocene Hamlet has a chance to discover several dimensions in it. Although head dissection will not be necessary for this, it will become necessary to dissect the masculine identity, being in humanist terms, a socio-cultural construct and a linguistic construction. The posthumanist vision of masculinity confronts the disembodied subject, the one that the humanist Hamlet should cope with and ‘embody’ according to the humanist pattern of masculinity. The impairment of its pillars is evident in Hamlet’s statements, provided one hears his holistic and organic vision of masculinity. The deconstruction of the anthropocentric order is a prerequisite for Hamlet’s identity crisis to be overcome, for him to reassemble himself and find his own place in the ‘broken’ skeleton of the world.
2
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SOCIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS: Naturalism in the service of sociology, that is, the beginnings of American Social Ecology

86%
Erenc J., Michałek P.
Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
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2016
|
vol. 17(4)
55-76
EN
The perception of reality by social ecologists has its source in the life sciences and refersto the organicist theory in sociology. Proponents of this school assumed that, in humancommunities, creating a definite relationship between biotic and rather more intangibleaspects of the social system is secondary to the influence exercised by material conditions. Social ecology focuses on the way in which patterns of social relations are created bygroup who are adapting to new environments. This approach led to Robert Park’s naturalisticattitude and and to him and his followers exploring the development of Americancities. Park proposed that the development of the city itself is the cause of social changewhich is taking place, as well as of its pathological side-effects. Examining towns whichwere growing dynamically, the researchers themselves were involved in hostile conflictsset in an environment characterised by the survival of the fittest. Social ecologists havepostulated this approach as the naturalistic vision in social research. They saw the needfor becoming engaged in the community in order to know the context of its activities andthey were convinced that this was the best way of understanding and explaining humanbehavior. Despite the explicit criticism from anti-naturalistic sociologists, I argue that theproposed pattern of sociology generated significant results and has a practical continuationto the present day.
3
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SOCJOLOGIA EMOCJI: Naturalizm w służbie socjologii, czyli początki amerykańskiej ekologii społecznej

86%
Erenc J., Michałek P.
Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
|
2016
|
vol. 17(4)
55-76
4
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Emergencja w biologii – redukcjonizm versus organicyzm

72%
Chodasewicz K.
Filozofia i Nauka
|
2014
|
vol. 2
381-401
EN
The article offers a comparative analysis of the views on biological emergence by two philosophizing scientists – Bernd-Olaf Küppers and Pier Luigi Luisi. Both authors declare different philosophical positions: the former claims to be a reductionist, while the latter considers himself an organicist. Both scientists differ also in their opinions about whether it is possible to define life. Küppers is convinced that life cannot be defined, unless it possesses some emergent properties, while Luisi claims that life exhibits emergent features and can be satisfactorily defined. The confrontation of opinions of both authors leads to unexpected conclusions.
PL
W artykule przeprowadzam analizę porównawczą poglądów dwóch filozofujących przyrodników – Bernda-Olafa Küppersa oraz Piera Luigi Luisi’ego – na emergencję w biologii. Obaj uczeni deklarują odmienne stanowiska filozoficzne: pierwszy jest zwolennikiem współczesnego mechanicyzmu (redukcjonizmu), drugi uważa się za reprezentanta organicyzmu. Obaj uczeni różnią się też w kwestii definiowania życia. Küppers uważa, że życie nie może zostać ściśle zdefiniowane, jeśli nie posiada ono cech emergentnych. Luisi twierdzi, że życie może być satysfakcjonująco zdefiniowane. Konfrontacja poglądów obu autorów doprowadza do zaskakujących konkluzji.
5
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O możliwościach i ograniczeniach matematyzacji nauk biologicznych w XVII i XVIII wieku

44%
Pietrzak Z.
Kultura i Wartości
|
2015
|
issue 15
DE
Im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert fand die Mathematisierung der Naturwissenschaften statt. Dieser Prozess beruhte unter anderem auf der quantitativen Auffassung des Forschungsgegenstands, der mathematischen Definierung grundsätzlicher Begriffe und der mathematischen Strukturierung jener Wissenschaften. Der Prozess der Mathematisierung hing auch von den in ihnen funktionierenden philosophischen Ideen ab, die ihn begünstigen oder ihn vereiteln konnten. Die Eigentümlichkeit der Naturwissenschaften beruhte unter anderem darauf, dass sie von philosophischen Ideen wie Aristotelismus, Vitalismus, Organizismus, Mechanizismus konstituiert wurden, die sich auf die Begriffe der Seele, des Willens und der Empfindungen beriefen.
EN
During the 17th and 18th centuries natural sciences were undergoing a mathematization. This process consisted, among other, in a quantitative approach to objects being researched; in delivering mathematical definitions for fundamental concepts and in shaping mathematical structures of natural sciences. The mathematization understood as a process was depended on some philosophical ideas already present in sciences, what might or might not start up the process of mathematization. Specificity of biological sciences rested on the fact they were being established by philosophical ideas, such as aristotelianism, vitalism, organicism or mechanicism, which referred to the notion of soul, will, experience. Summarised by Zbigniew Pietrzak 
PL
W XVII i XVIII wieku dokonywała się matematyzacja nauk przyrodniczych. Proces ten polegał, między innymi, na ilościowym ujęciu przedmiotu badań, matematycznym zdefiniowaniu podstawowych pojęć oraz nadania tym naukom matematycznej struktury. Proces matematyzacji zależał także od funkcjonujących w tych naukach filozoficznych idei, które mogły mu sprzyjać bądź go uniemożliwiać. Specyfika nauk biologicznych polegała między innymi na tym, iż konstytuowały je filozoficzne idee, takie jak arystotelizm, witalizm, organicyzm czy mechanicyzm, które odwoływały się do pojęć duszy, woli, doznań.
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