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EN
Supply chain management is at the heart of business strategy. The types of goods delivered are extremely varied and the way to deliver to the final consumer is more and more complex. Moreover, the relations between players within the supply chain take multiple shapes and have inevitably an impact on its design. This arena of complexity leads companies to use diverse kinds of relational approaches. But the relational view is itself a large field of study and a recent trend in supply chain management. It can be focuses on joint planning, coordination, and process integration between suppliers, customers, and other partners in a supply chain. Its benefits include cost reductions, an increasing reliability and a strong responsiveness to market needs. In addition, managing a sustainable supply chain involves today additional parameters like CO2 emissions reduction, energy consumption decrease, eradication of traffic congestion problems and the need for a better traceability. Besides, recent progresses in inter-companies’ communication technologies, along with a growing use of strategic partnering, has resulted in a large variety of alternative information systems approaches for supporting a collaborative supply chain management. Helped by theories and based on empirical data from specific cases companies, this exploratory and conceptual research shows the relative influence of various specific environments on the coordination of logistics flows, with a focus on relationships between different players. This work analyzes diverse types of supply chains and gives a framework confronted with some examples showing how different players create new models of logistics organization in particular situations.
EN
Project Management Maturity can be defined as the degree of development of repeatable systems and processes and giving a high chance of achieving success in future projects. One of the factors influencing the project management maturity is communication in the group created for the project, as reflected by a specific organizational structure. Selection of project structure becomes one of the important factors that reduce the risk of completion of projects failure, especially those with a high degree of innovation. The article presents the results of research relating to the above issues and compares them to other studies of a more general nature. It also refers to the possibility of applying the concept of project management maturity in the context of project management.
EN
The article presents the result of an empirical study that compares the formal structure of a company with its less formal counterpart: the network of cooperation, flow of information, knowledge and decision between employees. An empirical study surveys 374 employees from two companies about their position in formal structure and their connections with other employees. The conducted analysis examines the relationship between company structural characteristics and performance, as one of studied company performs less effective than other. The paper examines such issues as: the level of convergence of both structures, the degree of compliance of formal and informal authority and the allocation of network resources. In a company characterized by higher performance we observed higher level of convergence of both structures, higher degree of compliance of the position of the employee with the level of their informal authority, and higher level of support provided by the managers. Results suggest that the comparison of formal and informal structure of the company provides information about its performance that is difficult to obtain in any other way. Finally, presented managerial implications refer to the specific ways how to improve the organizational structure on the basis of information obtained by analyzing the organizational network.
EN
Using social network analysis for the studies of organizational structure allows to understand in more details the ways of real organizing of employees. The manner in which people work is the quotidian knowledge that is often not realized very well but it is essential for effective performance of a company. The article presents the research process that results in a picture of organizational structure reflected as the network of connections between employees. The studies are usually conducted with survey questions that are presented in the article (cooperation, information flow, the flow of knowledge and problem-solving, and finally the decision flow) and interpreted in the context of the analysis made in a real company. The network structure of an innovative IT company (125 employees) consisting of 3097 connections has been visualized and analyzed. We tested the assumptions regarding the degree of company integration, the level of centralization in decision making process, the way of task coordination and the possible blockages in the flow of knowledge. We also highlighted employees that were important in these areas and specified their roles.
EN
Different authors agree that designing the organizational structure in accordance with the business processes can bring numerous advantages, which improve business performance of the organizational system. This article aims to show how cost-effective restructuring, through modification of organizational structure according to business processes that exist in the organization, can bring numerous benefits. Successful implementation of process organizational model does not necessarily demand large investments, but only adequate structural changes and internal reorganization. The data used in this paper were gathered during the project of restructuring one transportation company from Belgrade, which consulting team from Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, performed in year 2012.
EN
The application of E-government initiative in Jordan had widely spread milestones in terms of achievement, these achievements has changed the means of communication between the government different ministries and directories through websites. This research studied the level of E-government application and the changes in the organizational structure needed to reach the optimal customer service. Data collected through the interview with personnel in the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology and Electronic Government Program from, the websites of the Ministry of Education and the Income and Sales Tax Directorate, and the United Nations E-government Readiness Biannual Report. This study found that the E-government application level is conventional with some utilization in the vertical integration, and the effect on the structure is not clear except for the new technology-related positions that have emerged due to the changes in the communication methods.
Management
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2012
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
54-62
EN
The application of organizational restructuring in enterprise strategic management process The aim of the paper was to present the concept of enterprise organizational restructuring process, its application in strategic management process. There was presented enterprise restructuring, its typology, areas of application in organizations with concentration on organizational restructuring process. The concept of enterprise organizational restructuring process consists of 6 main steps. Those are: identification of need of organizational restructuring, enterprise strategic diagnosis, analysis of external and internal determinants, preparation of organizational restructuring programme, implementation of organizational restructuring programme and control of organizational restructuring programme. The assessment model of organizational restructuring efficiency focuses on three main measurements, that is quality of services or products (qualitative factor), level of costs (quantitative factor) and level of intellectual capital, that is human capital, organisational capital and client capital (qualitative and qualitative factor). Changing environment, its instability, the need of continuous companies’ internal development is a reason for further, more detailed study and research of organizational restructuring, which may be always used as a appropriate response to external or internal crisis situation.
PL
Zastosowanie restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej w procesie zarządzania strategicznego przedsiębiorstwa Celem artykułu było przedstawienie koncepcji restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej przedsiębiorstwa, jej zastosowania w procesie zarządzania strategicznego. Przedstawiona została restrukturyzacja przedsiębiorstwa, jej typologia, obszary zastosowań w organizacjach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej. Koncepcja restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej składa się z sześciu głównych etapów. Jest to identyfikacja potrzeby wprowadzenia restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej, diagnoza strategiczna przedsiębiorstwa, analiza zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych determinant, przygotowanie programu restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej, wdrożenie programu restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej i kontrola programu restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej. Model oceny sprawności restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej koncentruje się na trzech głównych miarach, które dotyczą jakości usług lub produktów (miernik jakościowy), poziomu kosztów (miernik ilościowy) i poziomu kapitału intelektualnego przedsiębiorstwa, rozumianego jako kapitału ludzkiego, kapitału organizacyjnego i kapitału klienta (miernik jakościowo-ilościowy). Zmiany otoczenia, jego niestabilność, potrzeba ciągłego rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa jest powodem konieczności przeprowadzenia dalszych, bardziej szczegółowych badań w zakresie restrukturyzacji organizacyjnej, ponieważ może być ona zawsze używana jako skuteczna odpowiedź na zewnętrzną lub wewnętrzną sytuację kryzysową.
EN
Tarnowska delegation Książęco-episcopal Assistance Committee was officially was established on 19 August 1915 r. It was a transformation of Tarnowski Rescue Committee. This organization functioned during the First World War. Its patron was bishop of Tarnów Leon Wałęga. As part of its structure three sections: building, the orphan and food shortages were created. They were based on subsidies and donations, also from abroad. It moved to assist the most affected by the war diocese – orphans and the homeless, especially in rural areas. Delegation activity fell at the most difficult times. There was no shortage of clergy and lay people involved in helping the most needy. Institutional support was organized professionally. Thanks to the work Tarnowskiej Delegation K.B.K. many lives were saved.
EN
In the era of the knowledge-based society and economy education has become a crucial factor in determining the future prospects of national states, and thus a subject to fundamental changes. With a purpose to improve the quality of higher education (HE) and become more competitive in the global context European countries joined their efforts and commenced a massive multi-year project of harmonizing and modernizing HE systems, which is known as the Bologna process (BP). According to the main Bologna documents the involvement of all stakeholders, especially the recipients of educational services (students), into HE governance at all levels is considered to be one of the core principles of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) development. However, it was found out, the system of student representation and the degrees of their engagement vary considerably around Europe. For solving this problem it is essential to find innovative approaches in engaging students into HE management by studying the positive experience of the most influential student representative organization in the EHEA – the European Students’ Union (ESU). In the article major organizational, procedural and content foundations of the ESU’s activity as a subject of the BP were defined and characterized. On the basis of logical and systematic analysis of statutory and policy documents specific peculiarities of the organizational structure, goals and principles, and forms of cooperation with external partners of the Union were pointed out. The basic action lines of the ESU in the context of the higher education modernization were studied. They are quality assurance, student-centered paradigm in education, graduates’ employability, financing of higher education and student movement development. To the main forms of the ESU’s engagement into the BP we refer: collection, analysis, synthesis and dissemination of information to the NUSes, and other BP subjects; monitoring of the Bologna principles implementation in different European countries; establishment together with other representative bodies of the advisory and expert bodies pools; foundation of associated structures; popularization of ESU’s policies among major stakeholders in higher education; realization of analytical and research projects (QUEST, SAGE, FINST, PASCL, etc.). Besides, it was determined that the main means which the ESU uses in order to achieve its objectives are the following: surveys NUSes, student debates, forums, conferences and seminars; policy documents, declarations and resolutions, speeches, statements; the series of analytical publications “Bologna With Student Eyes”.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zjawiska co-sourcingu usług finansowoksięgowych w polskich przedsiębiorstwach produkcyjnych. Co-sourcing usług finansowo-księgowych nie jest procesem jednolitym. Jest on realizowany w różny sposób. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano istotę business process co-sourcing w rachunkowości oraz jego wpływ na strukturę organizacyjną i efektywność działania przedsiębiorstw.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the phenomenon of co-sourcing finance and accounting services in Polish manufacturing companies. Co-sourcing of finance and accounting is not a uniform process. It is implemented in different ways. The paper presents the essence of business process co-sourcing in accounting and its impact on the organizational structure and operational efficiency of the enterprises.
EN
An organizational structure, indicated as one out of the four main organiza-tional conditions supporting project management, has an essential meaning for project execution. This article, based on the research results, describes different organizational structures of project-orientated enterprises, enumerating their advantages and disadvantages, and reveals the influence of interorganizational relations on project management effectiveness in enterprises operating in Poland. The results indicate that the more a character of interorganizational relations is heading towards project structure, the higher project management effectiveness is. In the next sequence the project management processes are supported by strong matrix structures, whereas the worst outcomes are provided by functional structures. Simultaneously, it was concluded that project structures are conducive to high advancement of project management processes, and among them, especially project risk management processes as well as communication, time and cost management processes.
EN
The article presents results of empirical research concerning the directions of changes in organizational structures of SME which have occurred during the last few years. The research was carried out in a group of 380 enterprises running their businesses in Poland. The organizational structure generally described in respect of parameters such as centralization, formalization, standardization and configuration. The main part of this article is dedicated to changes that have occurred in organizational structures of SME.
EN
The objective of the paper is to present the results of investigation regarding barriers for empowerment in the context of organisational problems of companies, their application in the search for solutions, and adequate implementation in order to increase the efficiency of the processes of decision-making.
PL
Profesjonalizacja sportu w Polsce sprawiła, że kluby piłkarskie upodobniły się do przedsiębiorstw biznesowych. Aby móc rywalizować w ramach profesjonalnej ligi, przyjęły formy prawne w postaci spółek akcyjnych, przeorganizowując swoje struktury, zmieniając dotychczasowe sposoby zarządzania i zachowując elastyczność względem zmian zachodzących w otoczeniu. To, czy drużyna piłkarska będzie odnosiła sukcesy, zależy nie tylko od dobrego przygotowania fizycznego zawodników, ale przede wszystkim od organizacji wewnętrznej klubu. Bagatelizowanie potrzeby przekształceń może stać się przyczyną poważnych problemów, jak stało się w przypadku Wisły Kraków SA. Złe zarządzanie sprawiło, że klub popadł w niejasną sytuację własnościową i tymczasowo utracił licencję na grę w Ekstraklasie. Celem artykułu jest ocena działań restrukturyzacyjnych prowadzonych w klubie piłkarskim Wisła Kraków SA.
EN
Professionalization in Polish sport made football clubs turn into business enterprises. To compete in the professional league it was a must to take the legal forms as join stock companies by reorganizing structures, adjusting style of management and adapting to a variable environment. Not only good physical preparation of football players but also internal order of the club causes its success. Ignoring this need for a change provides to serious problems, which hit Wisła Kraków. Due to mismanagement Tthey found themselves in an unclear situation and lost the licence due to the unclear legal situation and it was caused by mismanagement. The objective of the article is an assessment of restructuring operations currentlyactually carried out in Wisła Kraków
EN
In the following article the author aims to track the changes occurring in the structure and functioning of the Orthodox Church in Turkestan (present-day region of Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan), which was a part of the Russian Empire, and later – the Soviet Union. For this purpose, the author uses the geographical and historical background of the events that influenced the shape of the local Church, and also presents its most important leaders.
RU
В данной статье автор стремится проследить изменения, происходящие в структуре и функционировании Православной Церкви в Туркестане (современный регион Туркменистана, Таджикистана, Казахстана, Узбекистана и Кыргызстана), которая входила в состав Российской Империи, а потом – в Советский Союз. Для этого автор использует географический и исторический фон событий, повлиявших на облик местной церкви, а также представляет самых важных лидеров.
Facta Simonidis
|
2009
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vol. 2
|
issue 1
141-153
EN
Political parties Law and parties’ statutes contain some information about party structure and organization. One of its aspects is the institution of membership. The article describes rules and requirements of membership in Polish party system and in particular in some of the most important political formations that had or still have its parliamentary representatives. The problem of membership is not edited in details in Polish law. There are some abstract ideas and clues. There are also two special institutions: prohibition of membership in political parties and suspension of membership. They regard some professions and functions in political system of Poland. They are also very controversial because seem to be inconsistent with constitution. Political parties’ statutes aren’t too complicated in the matter of membership as well. They usually contain the revision of legal matters. They are similar in most of parties, but what’s interesting not all of parties project an open membership. Some of them expect their future members to fulfi ll additional conditions.
PL
Ustawa o partiach politycznych i statuty poszczególnych ugrupowań zawierają informacje między innymi na temat struktury i organizacji partii. Jednym z aspektów, którymi się zajmują, jest instytucja członkostwa w partiach politycznych. Artykuł opisuje zasady i wymogi członkostwa w polskim systemie partyjnym, a w szczególności w kilku najważniejszych ugrupowaniach parlamentarnych polskiej sceny politycznej po 1989 roku. Zagadnienie członkostwa nie jest zbyt szczegółowo unormowane w polskim prawie. Mamy raczej do czynienia z kilkoma ogólnymi zasadami i wskazówkami. Istnieją także dwie szczególne instytucje prawne: zakaz przynależności do partii politycznych oraz zawieszenie członkostwa w partii na czas sprawowania określonej funkcji. Dotyczą one określonych profesji czy funkcji wykonywanych w ramach systemu politycznego RP. Są to rozwiązania kontrowersyjne, ponieważ stoją w sprzeczności z zasadami konstytucyjnymi. Statuty partii politycznych również nie zawierają zbyt szczegółowych rozwiązań dotyczących instytucji członkostwa. Powtarzają w zasadzie zapisy ustawowe i konstytucyjne. Są też w większości ugrupowań podobne do siebie, chociaż warto zauważyć, że nie wszystkie partie preferują członkostwo otwarte. Niektóre stwarzają dodatkowe wymogi dla swoich przyszłych członków.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki postępowania badawczego zmierzającego do identyfikacji poziomu adaptacyjności struktur organizacyjnych polskich przedsiębiorstw. Przedstawiono także założenia i istotę zmiany struktury organizacyjnej interpretowanej jako proces jej adaptacji. Na podstawie ankiet skierowanych do kierownictwa badanych przedsiębiorstw zidentyfikowano stan odpowiedniości i luki strukturalnej. Stan odpowiedniości strukturalnej potwierdzający wysoki poziom zdolności adaptacyjnych badanych przedsiębiorstw w większym stopniu dotyczy cech struktur organizacyjnych i cech kontekstu organizacyjnego oraz kontekstu konstytuowanego przez mikrootoczenie krajowe i makrootoczenie. Stan luki strukturalnej wskazujący na niższy poziom zdolności adaptacyjnych dotyczy stanu cech struktur i cech kontekstu konstytuowanego głównie przez mikrootoczenie międzynarodowe.
EN
The article attempts to answer the question to what extent the environment condition reflects the position of the organizational structures in Polish enterprises. Research showed a state of the structural gap in the adoption of structures and international microenvironment. However, the structural adaptability includes features of the organizational context and characteristic of other components of its environment.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2015
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vol. 41
|
issue 1
157-169
EN
The relationship between the organizational structure and the work space are becoming more and more often the focus of research. It results from the fact that, since the beginnings of the scientific approach to management, these both dimensions have evolved, however not always in harmony. As far as the organizational maps (structures, hierarchies) are becoming more and more blurred, temporary and obscure (by means of network, virtual or liquid structures), the territories (buildings, offices, locations) are more often the indictor of image, identity and culture of a given organization. The deliberations concerning these issues, initiated by such authors as Foucault or Lefebvre led to the so called ‘spatial turn’ in the research on organizations. It turns out that these spatial relationships as well as the aesthetics of work place significantly influence not only productivity but also motivation, innovativeness, communication and the relationship of power between the employees. That’s why the question, of how to examine the design, social and cultural phenomenon which is the contemporary office and other work space, remains open.
PL
Relacje pomiędzy strukturą organizacyjną a przestrzenią pracy coraz częściej stają się przedmiotem badań. Jest to spowodowane faktem, że od początków naukowego podejścia do zarządzania oba te wymiary ewoluują, jednak nie zawsze w sposób współgrający. O ile organizacyjne mapy (struktury, hierarchie) stają się coraz bardziej rozmyte, tymczasowe i niejasne (za sprawą struktur sieciowych, wirtualnych, czy płynnych), to terytoria (budynki, biura, lokalizacje) coraz częściej są wyznacznikiem wizerunku, tożsamości i kultury danej organizacji. Rozważania dotyczące tych zagadnień, zapoczątkowane przez takich autorów, jak Foucault, czy Lefebvre, doprowadziły do tzw. „zwrotu przestrzennego” w badaniach nad organizacjami. Okazuje się przy tym, że relacje przestrzenne i estetyka miejsca pracy w istotny sposób rzutuje nie tylko na produktywność, ale też na motywację, innowacyjność, komunikację i relacje władzy pomiędzy pracownikami. Dlatego też otwartym pytaniem pozostaje kwestia, jak badać fenomen projektowy, społeczny i kulturowy, jakim jest współczesne biuro i inne przestrzenie pracy.
PL
Celem artykułu było zbadanie w jaki sposób struktury jednostek organizacyjnych w sektorze rolno-spożywczym kształtowały się na przestrzeni wieków i w jaki sposób wstąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej wpłynęło na ich funkcjonowanie. Dokonując przydatności struktur organizacyjnych oceniono także stopień konkurencyjności sektora rolnego.
EN
The purpose of the article was to test how the structure of organizational units in the food industry developed over several years and how Polish accession to the European Union has affected these structures. By making the usefulness of organizational structures, we also take into account the degree of competitiveness of the agricultural sector.
RU
Целью статьи было проведение анализа способа формирования структур организационных единиц в аграрно-продовольственном секторе на протяжении веков, а также, каким образом вступление Польши в Европейский Союз повлияло на их функционирование. При осуществлении анализа применимости организационных структур была также дана оценка степени конкурентности агросектора.
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