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Osady kultury oksywskiej z prawobrzeżnego dolnego Powiśla

100%
Teska M.
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
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2012
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vol. 9
101-125
EN
The problem of Oksywie culture settlements has not been widely discussed to date. Settlements on the right bank of the lower Vistula River, despite the relatively poor data pool, are an important element in the understanding of local issues concerning the culture in question. This article is a contribution to the knowledge of the complexity of the issues and problems faced by researchers studying the younger pre-Roman period. On the right bank of the lower Vistula River region focus like in a lens, all these questions which make it currently impossible to create a complete model of the settlement in the whole Oksywie culture.
2
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KASHUBIANS AND THE CHURCH IN THREE WISCONSIN SETTLEMENTS: JONES ISLAND MILWAUKEE, STEVENS POINT, AND PINE CREEK/DODGE WISCONSIN

84%
Gurnack A. M.
Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW
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2019
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issue 2
143-158
EN
This paper will discuss the historic connections between three Kashubs settlements and Catholic churches in Milwaukee, Stevens Point, and Pine Creek/Dodge Wisconsin. These churches from the 1800’s served as important links to these communities. The Kashubian immigrants were loyal and important contributors to founding, growth and development of these fervent communities in abundant ways. This article will address these links and activities that existed in the 1800’s following the arrival of Polish/Kashubs immigrants. Polish immigrants have celebrated many loyalties to various institutions, but the connection they established to Catholic churches stands out as particularly vigorous. Much has been written about their relationship to religion, but less attention has been focused on that of Kashubian Poles. Kashubian Poles exerted back breaking efforts to build stunning churches and religious communities as vital components of their “native realm” or ethnic self-definition process. (Milosz, 1968). This paper will highlight the significant contributions to churches in three Kashubian settlements including Jones Island, Milwaukee, Stevens Point, and Pine Creek, Dodge Wisconsin. This paper will address three questions: Who are the Kashubs? Where did they come from and why? What are the major Kashubian settlements in Wisconsin and their connections to Catholic Churches? How were these settlements alike and how were they different?
PL
W tym artykule zostaną omówione historyczne powiązania między trzema kaszubskimi osadami a kościołami katolickimi w Milwaukee, Stevens Point i Pine Creek/Dodge Wisconsin. Te kościoły z 1800 roku służyły jako ważne łączniki do tych społeczności. Kaszubscy imigranci byli lojalnymi i ważnymi uczestnikami tworzenia, wzrostu i rozwoju tych żarliwych społeczności na wiele sposobów. W tym artykule zostaną omówione te powiązania i aktywności które istniały w 1800 roku po przybyciu Polskich / Kaszubskich imigrantów. Polscy imigranci obchodzili oddanie wielu różnym instytucją, ale związek jaki ustanowili z kościołami Katolickimi wyróżniał się szczególnym wigorem. Wiele napisano o ich związku z religią, ale mniej uwagi poświęcono Polakom kaszubskim. Kaszubscy Polacy podjęli ciężkie wysiłki, aby zbudować wspaniałe kościoły i religijne wspólnoty jako istotne elementy ich „ojczystego królestwa” lub etnicznego procesu samookreślenia. (Miłosz, 1968). Ten artykuł podkreśli znaczący wkład w kościoły w trzech osadach kaszubskich, w tym w Jones Island, Milwaukee, Stevens Point i Pine Creek, Dodge Wisconsin. Ten artykuł postawi trzy pytania: Kim są Kaszubi? Skąd oni pochodzą i dlaczego? Jakie są główne osady kaszubskie w Wisconsin i ich powiązania z Kościołami katolickimi? Jak wyglądały te osady i jak się różniły?
3
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Osada kultury trzcinieckiej ze stanowiska 52 w Obierwi na terenie Puszczy Kurpiowskiej

84%
Borkowski W.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2018
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vol. LXIX
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issue 69
180-187
EN
A number of sites associated with the Trzciniec Culture, including site 52 at Obierwia, were discovered during fieldwalking in this region in 1984. The sites were situated in the dune belt on the northern flood terrace of the Omulew River. The sites at Obierwia are located almost in the middle of the current Kurpiowska Forest. The area of the Kurpiowska Plain was originally shaped as a result of the Middle Polish Glaciation (the Wartanian stage). It was then transformed during the Baltic Glaciation, when a large outwash plain with elements of earlier moraines, later interspersed with parallel valleys of medium-sized rivers and a network of smaller watercourses and bog-like oxbow lakes, was formed (Fig. 1). An exploratory survey at Obierwia was carried out in October 2000 (Fig. 2). Two trenches oriented along N-S and W-E axes and intersecting at the culmination of the elevation were established. The exploration did not uncover a cultural layer, however, numerous archaeological pit-like features were discovered (Fig. 3). 16 flint products including three tools and a fragment of a smoothed stone tool were found in the course of the excavation. Seven flint products bear signs of use or further processing (Fig. 4). Most attest that the splintering technique was used. The most interesting product was made from a splinter and retouched on one of the side edges. Based on the burnishing of the retouched edge, this artefact should be included in the category of inserts, which, next to arrowheads, constitute the most characteristic tools from the Early Bronze Age. Among 1156 fragments of pottery, there were 20 rim sherds, including two with an ornament in the form of horizontal appliqué bands, and five with holes or indentations under the rim. Most of the fragments come from the vessels of the Trzciniec Culture described by A. Gardawski as type 5 – vessels with a “tulip-shaped neck and rim, most often with a mortar-shaped body” and with a row of holes under the rim and a horizontal appliqué band. In the Younger Subboreal (Early and Middle Bronze Age), the continental, dry and warm climate prevailed in the area of the Kurpiowska Forest. Sandy soils desiccated due to the smaller amount of precipitation, and with the lowering level of the groundwater the oxbows and lakes dried out and were overgrown. The human groups of the Early Bronze Age, who penetrated into the Kurpiowska Plain in relatively high numbers, could not employ the agricultural model of economy. Based on the traces of their stay observed during the course of fieldwalking and rare excavations, it appears that they preferred the same settlement conditions as their Mesolithic and Paraneolithic predecessors. It is assumed that the Early Bronze Age settlement in Mazovia began in the first half of the second millennium BC. The settlements of the Trzciniec culture from that period appear almost exclusively in the dune belts in the valley of the Narew River, near the mouths of the Omulew, Rozoga and Szkwa Rivers, while the camps are registered in the upper parts of the river valleys. Hunting and gathering played the leading role in the economy of the groups that settled at the edge of and within the forest.
4
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Bird-shaped hanging bowl escutcheon from the Slavic fortress-settlement complex at Friedrichsruhe

67%
Messal S.
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
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2021
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vol. 17
415-434
PL
W trakcie wykopalisk na terenie słowiańskiego zespołu osadniczo-grodowego we Friedrichsruhe (Lkr. Parchim, Meklemburgia-Pomorze Przednie) odkryto kilka zabytków wskazujących na obecność lokalnych elit słowiańskich. Pośród nich znajdowało się okucie misy do zawieszania z uszkiem w kształcie ptaka pochodzące z Wysp Brytyjskich (Irlandia, Anglia, Szkocja, Orkady). Jest to pierwsze tego rodzaju znalezisko występujące na obszarze Słowiańszczyzny, skłaniające do postawienia pytań o znaczenie zabytku w jego kontekście kulturowym oraz sposób rozprzestrzeniania się na obszarze wpływów Słowian.
EN
During the excavations within the fortress-settlement complex at Friedrichsruhe (Lkr. Parchim, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) several artefacts that have been found are indicating the presence of a local Slavic elite. Among these objects is a bronze bird-shaped escutcheon of a hanging bowl which comes from the British Isles (Ireland, England, Scotland, Orkney Isles). This find is the first such object from the area of Slavic settlement, shifting into focus questions as to the object’s significance within its cultural environment and the form of its distribution into the Slavic sphere.
5
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Powiat ostrołęcki w guberni łomżyńskiej

59%
Dobroński A. C.
Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego
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2022
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vol. zeszyt
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issue XXXVI
110-125
EN
In the Ostrołęcki region, which belongs to Łomża Province, consisted of the town of Ostrołęka, three settlements (Czerwin, Goworowo, Myszyniec) and 11 municipalities (Czerwin, Dylewo, Goworowo, Myszyniec, Nakły, Nasiadki, Piski, Rzekuń, Szczawin, Troszyn, Wach). These congregations can be divided inaccurately into peasant (Kurpie) and petty-noble communities, but also the manors (the economic situation of large estates deteriorated) and the inhabitants of the Mosaic faith, who predominate in the cities, must be taken into account. I checked the municipalities and settlements on the basis of data published in 1891 by the Statistical Committee of Warsaw. Larger farms were owned by petty nobles, while the value of houses inhabited by peasants was estimated much higher. We still know too little about aristocratic relations, especially in the villages inhabited by both communities. In the years described, the agricultural crisis hampered the changes in the economy, and the socio-cultural upswing in the Kurpie villages was still weak. To the statistical data with commentaries, I have attached excerpts from an unpublished article by Prof. Juliusz Łukasiewicz, who presented the economic chang es in Gub. Lomżyńska in the years 1870-1904. The region of Ostrołęka had many characteristics: a low percentage of arable land and poor soils, and a high percentage of meadows; on average, larger farms; slow replacement of agricultural equipment; negligence in drainage and commassation work; the maintenance of the breeding of domestic animals and domestic birds, higher proportion of potato cultivation, also on fallow land in the system of tripod buckets. During this period, the town of Ostrołęka seems to have had little influence on the transformation of rural areas, especially in the more remote municipalities.
PL
W powiecie ostrołęckim, wchodzącym w skład gub. łomżyńskiej, znajdowały się: miasto Ostrołęka, trzy osady (Czerwin, Goworowo, Myszyniec) oraz 11 gmin (Czerwin, Dylewo, Goworowo, Myszyniec, Nakły, Nasiadki, Piski, Rzekuń, Szczawin, Troszyn, Wach). Gminy te można podzielić nieprecyzyjnie na chłopskie (kurpiowskie) i drobnoszlacheckie, a ponadto uwzględnić należy folwarki (pogarszała się kondycja ekonomiczna wielkiej własności) i mieszkańców wyznania mojżeszowego dominujących w miasteczkach. Dokonałem przeglądu gmin i osad, wykorzystując dane opublikowane przez Warszawski Komitet Statystyczny w 1891 r. Większe obszarowo gospodarstwa posiadała drobna szlachta, natomiast wyżej oszacowano wartość domów mieszkalnych zamieszkałych przez chłopów. Wciąż wiemy zbyt mało o relacjach włościańsko-szlacheckich, zwłaszcza we wsiach zamieszkałych przez obie społeczności, a tych przybywało. W opisanych latach kryzys agrarny utrudniał wprowadzanie zmian w sposobie gospodarowania i słabo jeszcze zaznaczało się ożywienie społeczno-kulturowe we wsiach kurpiowskich. Do danych statystycznych, opatrzonych komentarzami, dołączyłem fragmenty nieopublikowanego artykułu prof. Juliusza Łukasiewicza, który zaprezentował przemiany ekonomiczne w gub. łomżyńskiej w latach 1870-1904. Na tle całej guberni pow. ostrołęcki wykazywał wiele cech charakterystycznych: mały procent gruntów ornych i słabe gleby, a duży udział łąk; przeciętnie większe obszarowo gospodarstwa; powolne tempo wymiany narzędzi i sprzętów rolniczych; zaniedbania w pracach melioracyjnych i komasacji; dbałość o hodowlę zwierząt i ptactwa domowego, wyższy udział upraw ziemniaków, także na ugorach w systemie trójpolówki. Wydaje się, że w tym okresie miasto Ostrołęka w niewielkim stopniu wpływało na przemiany na terenach wiejskich, zwłaszcza w bardziej oddalonych gminach.
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