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Teorie relevance a nově vznikající diskurzní částice

100%
Andersen G.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2021
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vol. 103
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issue 2
167-182
EN
This article explores the relevance-theory view of utterance interpretation (Sperber and Wilson 1986/1995) and illustrates its application in a qualitative investigation of authentic corpus data. The purpose is to show that observations derived from corpora can shed significant light on how constraints on relevance are practised by real speakers in real discourse contexts. The study focuses on discourse markers and argues that there is a need to focus more systematically on emerging discourse markers and their contributions to relevance. It is argued that the corpus-based approach can lead to new knowledge about pragmatic functions and subtle differences between different items, and that this extends beyond what is gained from a strictly theoretical or experimental approach, by far the most common approaches in the previous relevance-theory literature. As a case in point, the article includes an empirical study of the discourse marker as if, based on the large English TenTen corpus (Jakubíček et al., 2013).
2
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Pseudoanglicismy: české neologismy z anglických slov

100%
Bozděchová I., Klégr A.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2022
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vol. 83
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issue 1
3-27
EN
The paper introduces the concept of pseudoanglicism to Czech lexical studies. It sketches its history and use in the literature. It outlines the standard account of foreign word adaptation in Czech to bring out the distinction between adaptation and neologization. The adopted approach develops Duckworth’s (1977) broad definition of pseudoanglicisms. Whether including only English elements (baby-box, basket) or both English and Czech ones (hokejista, soráč, onlinovka, etc.), the pseudoanglicism is a neologism rather than a simple loanword: a lexeme with a new form and a meaning of its own and no formal counterpart in English. Another possibility is that a lexeme (largely) retains its English form but acquires a different meaning in Czech (sprayer, mixér). In any case what separates English­based neologisms from adapted loanwords is their meaning peculiar to Czech. The different types of Czech pseudoanglicisms are illustrated using a sample of 516 items. The paper argues for the desirability to differentiate between anglicisms and pseudoanglicisms. The latter transcend linguistic borrowing, bearing witness to the active role of Czech speakers who employ English elements to produce Czech neologisms.
3
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Nominant

100%
Preininger M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 2
133-137
EN
This paper deals with several issues associated with the Czech word nominant ‘nominee’. (1) Although the frequency of the word has been growing, it is not listed in any established Czech dictionaries. This might cause some problems, since (2) the morphological structure of nominant is misleading, as the word is formed by an agentive suffix but denotes a patient. (3) Furthermore, the base verb nominovat ‘nominate’ is often defined as a synonym of jmenovat ‘to appoint, to name’, which is inaccurate. (4) Nominant has also the variant forms nominand and nominát. Nevertheless, corpus data indicate that nominant seems to be the preferred variant with a rather stable lexical meaning.
4
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Čeština a angličtina v průsečíku lexikálních hybridů

88%
Bozděchová I., Klégr A.
Bohemistyka
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2023
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issue 1
19-38
EN
The paper is devoted to the analysis of the latest Czech vocabulary the hybridity of which results from the combination of word-formation means of Czech and English origin. It first focuses on the position of hybrid formations among borrowings and provides a terminological overview of the types of borrowing from English (anglicisms – pseudoanglicisms – calques – hybrids). Then, drawing on a sample of excerpts from contemporary Czech texts, it suggests possible classifications of hybrids with English word-forming elements and illustrates their different types.
CS
Příspěvek je věnován analýze nejnovější české slovní zásoby, jejíž hybridnost vyplývá ze spojení slovotvorných prostředků českého a anglického jazykového půvo- du. Nejprve se zaměřuje na postavení hybridních útvarů v rámci přejímek a poskytuje terminologický přehled typů přejímek z angličtiny (anglicismy – pseudoanglicismy – kalky – hybridy). Na základě vzorku excerpce ze současných českých textů pak naznačuje možné klasifikace hybridů s anglickými slovotvornými prvky a ilustruje jejich různé typy.
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