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EN
Historians of the U.S. Southwest invariably rely on English-language translations of original Spanish documents for their interpretive work. However, a philological approach to the Spanish documents reveals all manner of translator shortcomings, some of which negatively impact the historical record. I document one such instance pertaining to the early history of Texas and argue that the failure to adhere to sound philological practice has produced an inaccurate historical canon. Data are taken from a Spanish expedition diary from the late 17th-century and from unpublished archival sources pertaining to it.
XX
The Franks Casket, a small whalebone box from about 700 AD, contains 59 Old English words inscribed in runes. Systematic diff erences between its panels have never called into question the standard procedure of explaining one panel basing on the others. The present paper aims at a re-examination of the validity of this approach. The panels show a large enough diff erentiation of spelling and paleographical features to exclude the possibility of a single author for the whole Casket.
PL
The present article, though far from being exhaustive, makes a contribution to support the standpoint, expressed by many researchers, that there is the growing need for an inclusion of elements of paleography to studies on the history of the Polish language. The article should be viewed as an attempt at an examination of the graphical and linguistic properties of the text under scrutiny (libri iuris civilis or alba civilia of the city of Poznan from the years 1575–1793) that constitutes onomastic material excerpted from historical sources. The present article demonstrates typical characteristics of linguistic features of the document; diversity of the texts is highlighted, writing ductus instantiated in the flow of writing the text is discusses, as well as individual styles of handwriting and the tendency of the city’s scribes to differentiate letters and signs graphically (multifunctionality of signs, the influence of non-Polish handwriting styles, abbreviations).
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja źródeł, które są podstawą naszych badań. Są to średniowieczne łacińskie słowniki z polskimi glosami, tzw. rozariusze. Gromadzimy dane dotyczące autorstwa, pochodzenia, czasu powstania, miejsca przechowywania etc. tych źródeł. Ma to służyć ukazaniu związków między rozariuszami oraz ich związków ze średniowieczną leksykografią zachodnią.
EN
The aim of this paper is a presentation of the sources on which our research is based. They are medieval Latin vocabularies with Polish glosses, the so-called “rosarii”. We collect data on the authorship, origin, chronology, place of storage etc. of these sources. This is to show the relationships between rosarii and connections with the medieval Western lexicography.
EN
The article deals with the formation of the leading special historical disciplines (further – SHD) in the native science, that study certain types of historical sources and develop theoretical and methodological basis of this research. It is emphasized, that special historical disciplines have come a long way of development and not at once became the special. In the ХІХ-th century, they had the status of auxiliary historical disciplines. The article highlights the stages of development of SHD from the second half of the ХІХ-th century – till the beginning of the XXI century, in particular pre-soviet, soviet and modern periods. At the beginning of the XXI century the majority Ukrainian researchers agrees with the need to rename the previously used “auxiliary historical discipline” to “special historical discipline”. In the pre-soviet period the role of the major SHD as paleography, diplomatics, metrology, genealogy, sphragistics and heraldry in the native science has increased considerably since they acquired the status of independent scientific “auxiliary historical disciplines”, and some of them are taught in the universities of Lviv, Kharkiv, Kiev, Novorossiisk for training of professional historians. The article revealed the contribution of prominent native scientists to development of studios of SHD (I. Sreznevskyi, D. Yavornytskyi, I. Kamanin, V. Lukomskyi, V. Modzalevskyi, I. Krypiakevych, O. Lazarevskyi and others). The Soviet period was characterized by a continuation of development and becoming of fully new auxiliary historical disciplines that appropriately began to stand out from the classic SHD. Thus codicology and filigranology separated from palaeography, getting the own object of study. At present there is further differentiation of SHD, extension study of “Ukrainian documentary material”, native experts have productively comprehended the achievements of predecessors and have prepared professional publications. Therefore, the article presents the studies that define the basic aspects of SHD studios’ development and their place in the Ukrainian historical science. It is marked that recently has observed strengthening of attention of scientists to history, theory and methodology of SHD.
EN
Among the graphic motifs used to decorate initials on medieval documents of Wrocław bishops, several dominant tendencies can be distinguished, such as decorationswith animal motifs – fish, floral motifs – oak and grapevines, as well as in the form of geometric patterns. A relatively common practice was to combine geometric elementswith plant or animal, which resulted in the creation of specific ornamental hybrids. Moreover, the initials were decorated by filling the initial with the ink, which the entire document was written, increasing the initial with respect to the entire text, and drawing only the outline of the letter with the probable intention of filling it in later. The analyzed documents were also familiar with leaving empty spaces in places where initials should appear.
PL
Pośród motywów graficznych wykorzystywanych do ozdabiania inicjałów na średniowiecznych dokumentach biskupów wrocławskich wyróżnić można kilka dominującychtendencji jak: zdobienia z motywem zwierzęcym – ryby, roślinnym – dębu oraz winorośli, a także w postaci wzorów geometrycznych. Stosunkowo częstą praktyką byłołączenie ze sobą elementów geometrycznych z roślinnymi czy zwierzęcymi, co owocowało powstawaniem swoistych zdobniczych hybryd. Ponadto inicjały ozdabiano poprzez wypełnianie je atramentem, którym został spisany cały dokument, zwiększeniem go względem całego tekstu oraz wrysowywaniem jedynie konturu litery, z prawdopodobnym zamiarem jej późniejszego wypełnienia. Analizowanym dokumentom nieobce było również pozostawieniepustych przestrzeni w miejscach, gdzie powinny widnieć inicjały.
EN
The article discusses the problem of the oldest non‑literary text written in Old Portuguese. During the 20th century, several texts competed for the status of the “oldest written Portuguese document”. Over the course of time, the privileged position claimed by each of them was called into question. They were all dismissed either as later copies or as inauthentic texts and replaced by a new “oldest” text. The article follows this search through the course of the 20th century.
EN
There are many uncertainties about the production and dissemination of vocal polyphony manuscripts from Prague illuminators’ and scribes’ ateliers compared with the dissemination of monophonic vocal manuscripts. The only known “workshop” producing manuscripts with primarily polyphonic music is the one led by Master Jan Kantor Starý († 1582) in Prague’s New Town. However, the number of surviving manuscripts suggests that more “workshops” might have existed in Prague at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. The goal of this study is to ascertain if there were any other ateliers in Prague producing vocal polyphony manuscripts during the analysed period. The findings are based on recent palaeographic and codicological analyses of the selected group of polyphonic sources written by identical scribal hands: Kutná Hora Codex from 1593 (Czech Museum of Music, Prague), Trubka’s Gradual from 1604 (Prague City Archives, Prague), the Partbook of the St. Barbara Literary Brotherhood in Přeštice from 1619 (National Library of the Czech Republic, Prague) and a bifolio from an unknown partbook in the Gradual of the St. Castulus Church from 1580 (Library of the Archbishop’s Chateau, Kroměříž). The comparison of the analysed scribal hands indicates the existence of an atelier that was probably from the milieu of the royal court. Systematic inquiries into the professional production of polyphonic manuscripts should thus continue because that is the only way to better and fully understand the musical culture of the Czech lands during the Renaissance.
Vox Patrum
|
2019
|
vol. 71
131-154
EN
Manuscripts which cannot be included in any of the families of the manuscript tradition of St. Jerome’s Vita Sancti Pauli Primi Eremitae, examined by John Frank Cherf, O.S.B., are the following: Bernensis Lat. 111, Bruxellensis 64, Cameracensis 864 (767), Dresdensis A 62 cod. D, Laurentianus pl. 19, cod. 16, Matritensis 10007, Parisinus Lat. 3784, Parisinus Lat. 5314, Parisinus Lat. 5385, Parisinus Lat. 9741, Vaticanus Lat. 5411, Vaticanus Lat. 7014, Vaticanus Barberinianus Lat. 586, Basilicanus A. 2, Vindobonensis Lat. 420 and Vindobonensis S. Mariae ad Scotos 409 (324). To these can be added the following ones, found by the author: Iagellonicus Cracoviensis 2265 AA XII 9, Casanatensis Codex 718 (B.I.3), Lateranensis Codex A. 79, Farfensis 5 (270), Sessorianus 5 (XXIX), Vallicellanus Tomus III, Vaticanus Lat. 600, Vaticanus Lat. 5257, Vaticanus Lat. 9309, Vaticanus Lat. 13393, Vaticanus Barberinianus Lat. 469, Vaticanus Urbinas Lat. 396, Basilicanus A. 4.
PL
Artykuł omawia te kodeksy Hieronimowej Vita S. Pauli Monachi Thebaei, które nie można jeszcze zaliczyć do żadnej z rodzin rękopiśmiennej tradycji tegoż dzieła. Już John Frank Cherf, O.S.B., uznał następujące kodeksy za niezdolne do zaliczenia do jakiejkolwiek rodziny rękopiśmiennego przekazu Hieronimowej Vita: Bernensis Lat. 111, Bruxellensis 64, Cameracensis 864 (767), Dresdensis A 62 cod. D, Laurentianus pl. 19, cod. 16, Matritensis 10007, Parisinus Lat. 3784, Parisinus Lat. 5314, Parisinus Lat. 5385, Parisinus Lat. 9741, Vaticanus Lat. 5411, Vaticanus Lat. 7014, Vaticanus Barberinianus Lat. 586, Basilicanus A. 2, Vindobonensis Lat. 420 oraz Vindobonensis S. Mariae ad Scotos 409 (324). W niniejszym zaś studium dołączyliśmy do tychże rękopisów następujące kodeksy, których Cherf nie przebadał: Iagellonicus Cracoviensis 2265 AA XII 9, Casanatensis Codex 718 (B.I.3), Lateranensis Codex A. 79, Farfensis 5 (270), Sessorianus 5 (XXIX), Vallicellanus Tomus III, Vaticanus Latinus 600, Vaticanus Lat. 5257, Vaticanus Lat. 9309, Vaticanus Lat. 13393, Vaticanus Barberinianus Lat. 469, Vaticanus Urbinas Lat. 396, Basilicanus A. 4.
EN
The purpose of the article is a synthetic description of the genesis and peculiarity of the oldest Permian writing — the anbur (abur) from 1372, created by St. Stephen of Perm (Hrap). Old Permian linguistic scripts belong to the oldest, after Hungarian, in the history of Ugro-Finnish (Uralian) literature. The anbur was developed on the basis of Cyrillic graphics, the Greek alphabet and Old-Permian runic tradition, the so-called pas. However, the origin of the writing has not been explained yet. Scholars point at similarities of the signs of the anbur to the alphabets of Caucasian languages (especially the phonemic Old Georgian writing) and Old Armenian, and even Aramaic; they also argue for its connections with Iranian linguistic systems (there is a possibility of existence in old Perm of a literature of Persian provenience) and similarities to an Old Indian consonantal system of writing of a liturgical nature — the brahmi from XIII century BC. Recently it was discovered that the graphonimics (names of the letters) of the anbur constitutes a semantic coherence. St. Stephen had given his alphabet a numerical form. The Author presents the few surviving Old Permian scripts of writing (recordings of uninterrupted texts), which include lists of alphabets, inscriptions above icons, insertions in Russian manuscripts from the XV–XVI centuries.
RU
и xaрактера анбура (абура) — первой древнепермской (древнекоми) письменности, созданной в 1372 году св. Сфефаном Пермским (Храпом). Анбур относится к старейшим, уступая лишь венгерским, памятникам финно-угорской (уральской) письменности. Он создан на основе графики кириллицы, греческого алфавита и древнепермской рунической символики, т.е. пасов. Происхождение этой азбуки пока в полной мере не выяснено. Ученые прослеживают сходство знаков анбура с алфавитами кавказских (точнее с древнегрузинским звуковым алвафитом), древнеармянского, и даже арамейского языков; некоторые доказывают также связи с иранскими языковыми системами (вероятно в древней Перми существовала письменность персидского происхождения) и сходство с древнеиндийской письменностью литургического характера — брахми с XIII в. д.н.э. В последние годы в палеографии было обнаружено, что графонимика анбура представляет собой семантически значимую целостность. Св. Стефан придал своей азбуке вид числовой системы, подобно тому, как это имело место в византийской и кириллической (славянской) системах письма. Автор статьи представляет древнепермские памятники письменности, к которым восходят алфавитные списки, иконографические надписи, приписки в рукописях с XV–XVI вв.
PL
Celem artykułu jest syntetyczny opis genezy i specyfiki najstarszego pisma permiackiego - anburu z 1372 roku, którego twórcą jest misjonarz św. Stefan z Permu (Hrap). Zabytki językowe staropermskie należą do najstarszych po węgierskich w historii literatury ugrofińskiej (uralskiej). Anbur powstał na bazie grafiki cyrylicy, alfabetu greckiego i staropermskiej symboliki runicznej, czyli tzw. pasów (pas). Geneza pisma nie została jednak wyjaśniona. Uczeni wykazują zbieżności znaków anburu z alfabetami języków kaukaskich (w szczególności głoskowego pisma starogruzińskiego) i staroormiańskiego, a nawet aramejskiego; udowadniają oni również związki z irańskimi systemami językowymi (prawdopodobieństwo istnienia w dawnym Permie piśmiennictwa pochodzenia perskiego) oraz zbieżności ze staroindyjskim spółgłoskowym pismem o charakterze liturgicznym — brahmi z XIII w. p.n.e.. Niedawno odkryto, iż grafonimika (nazwy liter) anburu stanowi semantyczną spójność. Św. Stefan nadał abecadłu postać liczbową. Autorka wymienia nielicznie zachowane staropermskie zabytki piśmienicze (zapisy tekstów ciągłych), do których zalicza się spisy alfabetów, napisy nad ikonami, dopiski w ruskich rękopiśmiennych księgach z XV–XVI wieku.
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