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EN
This paper analyses two peritexts preceding a Polish version of Bartolomé de Las Casas’ A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, put to press in 1956 and 1988 by two catholic publishing houses, PAX and “W drodze”, respectively. Based on three basic criteria of contrastive analysis, i.e. content, interpretation suggested by their authors and verbal form, the study revealed that both paratexts are marked by the catholic orientation of Mieczysław Żywczyński and Wojciech Giertych, however to a different extent. They are also influenced by the historic moment in which they have been conceived. As far as the form is concerned, they turn out outdated because of some notable obsolete features used in introductions and references, unacceptable these days, but at the same time they keep an interesting historical mark.
EN
This work concerns online streaming platforms centered on broadcasting video games-related content, such as Twitch.tv and Douyu.com. The aim of this article is two-fold: first, to point out the possible research methods regarding online streaming services as mediums for video game criticism, and second, to assess the potential of these platforms for generating critical discourse about video games. The methodology of the research is based on Mia Consalvo’s take on paratextual frameworks and Veli-Matti Karhulahti’s notions of interview and play frames regarding the activity of video games streaming. In this article, the initial characterization of Twitch.tv and Douyu.com is followed by an analysis on how the work of streamers as content creators can influence the reception of video games. Afterwards, a reading of analyzed phenomena based on paratextual framework is proposed. The last section juxtaposes the initial findings with the perspective of changing viewership figures in relation to selected ludic properties of games. In conclusion, it is stated that the analyzed streaming platforms reflect the proliferating crowdsource trends in the video game industry, with forms of interacting with the product at various stages of its development cycle establishing new practices of talking in and about video games.
EN
In this article we examine eighteen selected nonsense anthologies published in the UK since the 1920s, working on the assumption that they define, re-shape and visually reinterpret the genre for a general audience in parallel to scholarly approaches to nonsense. In the first part of our paper we look at the process of anthologising and its main functions, followed by an overview of key nonsense anthologies. In the second part, we inspect peritexts that influence the reception of these collections and, by extension, the perception of literary nonsense, looking specifically at book titles, cover designs, tables of contents, prefaces and postfaces. In doing so we hope to reveal the implied reader of the anthologies, comment on their coverage relative to the established Victorian canon and recognise the distinctive features of the genre, foregrounded by the anthologists’ editorial and aesthetic choices.
EN
The article addresses the issue of translator’s notes in a Russian translation of Olga Tokarczuk’s “Bieguni” novel by Irina Adelʹgejm. The main text of the original, despite its abundance in borrowings, interjections and quotations in languages other than Polish, was not provided with explanatory notes by the author. The translator, however, provided the translation with 149 notes. They are notesexplaining terms, proper names, names of realities and others translated in the main text as well as notes explaining fragments formulated in the novel’s text in languages other than the language of the narration. On the basis of the undertaken analysis it is stated that the strategy of forming paratexts adopted by the translator is inconsistent. The secondary text designates an additional way of reading “Bieguni” novel, but it does not impose it as using the notes is just a possibility and depends on the reader’s choice.
EN
The article contains the analysis of the usage of collocations in the titles of Polish contemporary crime comedies as a source of humour. Ways of exploiting the canonical forms of lexical units at the phraseological level were described and two main types of phraseological innovations were discerned and discussed: semantic and formal. The methodology used for description of the titles is primarily structural and amounts to determining what collocation was used or how it was modified, and why, as a result, it has a comic effect. The humour of the titles is discussed from a pragmatic perspective thereby leading to conclusions concerning mainly the persuasive and advertising function of the analyzed paratexts.
PL
Artykuł stanowi analizę użyć związków frazeologicznych w tytułach współczesnych polskich komedii kryminalnych jako źródła humoru. Przedstawiono tu sposoby eksploatowania kanonicznych postaci jednostek językowych poziomu frazeologicznego, a także wyróżniono i omówiono dwa główne typy innowacji frazeologicznych: semantyczny i formalny. Metodologia opisu tytułów ma po pierwsze charakter strukturalny i sprowadza się do ustalenia: jakie stałe połączenie wyrazowe wyzyskano lub w jaki sposób je zmodyfikowano i dlaczego w związku z tym dana jednostka językowa daje efekt humorystyczny, po drugie – rozważania na temat humoru tytułów osadzone są w perspektywie pragmatycznej, która prowadzi do wniosków dotyczących przede wszystkim perswazyjnych i reklamowych funkcji analizowanych paratekstów.
EN
The article discusses make-up as an important element in a storyworld of YA fiction. It uses examples taken from novels by two Polish authors, the well-established and acclaimed Małgorzata Musierowicz, the author of the Jeżycjada cycle (1977–2015), and Natalia Osińska, who has recently debuted with a novel entitled Fanfik (2016). The article shows that Osińska’s novel can be seen as a transformative rendition of Musierowicz’s works. It also focuses on the paratexts adding meaningful context in the case of both Musierowicz and Osińska, as well as comments on the public recognition of Musierowicz’s fiction, the responses of Musierowicz’s fandom to the alleged ideological message of her novels, and the political agenda of the publishing house that put Osińska’s book on the market. The concepts of the performative social body, the cosmetic paradox, and glamour are employed to argue that Osińska’s book is intended as a critique of the world-view presented in Jeżycjada’s storyworld. Although a direct relationship between the two fictional worlds cannot be established, the article highlights some tangent points between them: in both cases, make-up serves the expression of the value system. In the Jeżycjada cycle, it is presented mostly as disguise and deception even though at the same time discreet make-up is meant to be part and parcel of womens’ lives. By contrast, featuring queer teenagers, Osińska’s debut novel highlights the transformative function of cosmetics as tools used to create the social body.
RU
В тексте рассматривается макияж как важный элемент мира беллетристики для юных читателей. В статье использованы примеры из романов двух польских авторов: из­вестной Малгожаты Мусерович, автора цикла Jeżycjada, и Натальи Осинской, которая недавно дебютировала c романом Fanfik. Текст объясняет тот факт, что роман Oсинской был провоз­глашен своего рода интерпретацией произведений Мусерович. В статье проанализированы паратексты, создающие значимый контекст, в произведениях Мусерович и Осинской. Автор исследования затрагивает вопрос об общественном признании литературы Мусерович. В статье прокомментированы ответы фэндома писательницы на предполагаемое идеологическое посла­ние ее романов и рассмотрена политическая позиция издательства, которое выпустило книгу Осинской на рынок. В статье также идет речь о концепции перформативного социального тела, косметического парадокса и гламура. Книга Осинской считается критикой мировоззрения, представленного в мире Jeżycjady. Хотя прямая связь между двумя вымышленными мирами не может быть установлена, между ними, безусловно, есть некоторые точки пересечения. В обоих случаях макияж служит для выражения системы ценностей. В цикле Jeżycjada макияж представ­лен в основном как маскировка и обман, но в то же время сдержанный макияж — неотъемлемая часть жизни женщин. С другой стороны, опиcывая квир подростков, Осинская подчеркивает в своем дебютном романе трансформационную функцию косметики как инструмента, исполь­зуемого для создания социального тела.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje dwanaście prac anglojęzycznych dotyczących historii czytania w krajach Zachodu, wydanych w ciągu ostatnich dwudziestu lat. Są wśród nich monografi e, syntezy historyczne, antologie oraz nowe propozycje badawcze. Monografi a Williama St Claira ukazała zmiany kultury czytelniczej w Wielkiej Brytanii w okresie romantyzmu w wyniku zmian cen książek (wywołanych przemianami w prawie własności intelektualnej/copyrighcie i w technice druku). H.J. Jackson przedstawiła marginalia czytelników epoki romantyzmu. Andrew Murphy - recepcję Szekspira wśród angielskich robotników i rzemieślników XIX w.; Mary Hammond i Joseph McAleer odsłonili kulisy działalności niektórych publikujących dla szerokich kręgów wydawców. Autorzy nowych propozycji postulują między innymi, by rekonstruować ideologie związane z lekturą i sprzedażą książek, a także analizować i interpretować tzw. parateksty (wygląd okładki, ilustracje, format, przynależność do serii, strategie marketingowe i reklamowe wydawców), które projektują sposób czytania dzieła. Autorka skupia się przede wszystkim na zawartości informacyjnej wybranych publikacji, starając się odtworzyć na ich podstawie główne zarysy dziejów lektury w kulturze Zachodu od czasów starożytnych do lat 50. XX w.
EN
The article examines twelve English-language studies concerning the history of reading in Western countries, studies published over the last twenty years. They include monographs, historical overviews, anthologies as well as new research proposals. William St Clair's monograph presents the changes in the reading culture in Britain in the Romantic period resulting from changes in books prices (caused by changes in copyright and printing techniques). H.J. Jackson examines marginalia of readers from the Romantic period; Andrew Murphy - reception of Shakespeare's works among English workers and craftsmen in the 19th century; Mary Hammond and Joseph McAleer reveal the inside story of the activity of some publishers publishing works for a wide public. The authors of these new works call for, among others, reconstructions of ideologies related to reading and sale of books, al well as analyses and interpretations of the so-called paratexts (book covers, illustrations, formats, being part of a series, marketing and advertising strategies of publishers), which affect the way books are read. The present author focuses primarily on the information content of selected publications, trying to reconstruct an outline of the history of reading in Western culture from Antiquity until the 1950s.
EN
This article deals with the relevance of paratexts in translation based on the example of the afterword in the czech translation of Herta müller’s novel Herztier [The Land of Green Plums], titled Srdce bestie and written by Radka denemarková, a writer and translator famous not only in her homeland. Firstly, the elucidation analyses the essentials of paratext as such, pointing out that translation is a specific type of paratext itself, not to mention the translator’s afterword which, in turn, constitutes — from the point of view of translation — another paratext. Furthermore, the attention of the reader is directed to the different functions of the afterword, especially as a commentary on the translator’s choices and, consequently, as an insight into the worldview inscribed into the original language. Thereby, a particular interest is paid to the translator who, in view of her literary predispositions that are clearly visible not only in the afterword, could be described as the “second author”. Finally, one of the most important issues is the very specific language used by the writer Herta müller as she describes trivial things in an extraordinary way, using words in completely unexpected meanings and contexts.
CS
Předmětem tohoto článku je podstata paratextů v překladu, a to na příkladu doslovu k českému překladu románu Herty müllerové Srdce bestie (originální titul: Herztier) sepsaného známou spisovatelkou a překladatelkou Radkou denemarkovou. na začátku se tato stať zabývá nejdůležitějšími vlastnostmi paratextů, přičemž je zdůrazněno, že samotný překlad lze rovněž pokládat za specifický druh paratextu, nemluvě o překladatelově doslovu, který z hlediska překladu je dalším paratextem. v další části byly probrány různé funkce, splněny analizovaným doslovem: slouží mimo jiné jako komentář k překladatelovým volbám a tedy i jako náhled do obrazu světa přítomného v jazyku originálu. zvláštní pozornost byla věnována překladatelce, která částečně díky svým výjimečným literárním předpokladům, viditelným nejen v předmětném doslovu, by mohla být označena jako ‘druhý autor’. jedna z nejpodstatnějších podnětů k napsaní doslovu byl specifický jazyk používaný autorkou Hertou müllerovou, která popisuje obyčejné věci neobyčejným způsobem pomocí slov vyskytujících se v úplně neočekáváných významech a kontextech.
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