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1

Czy polskie partie są demokratyczne?

100%

Tomczak Ł.

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

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2015

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vol. 47

84-97

EN

The article analyzes the application of democratic principles in the structures of polish political parties such as: Platforma Obywatelska (Civic Platform), Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice), Twój Ruch (Your Movement), Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej (Democratic Left Alliance), Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish People’s Party), Prawica Rzeczypospolitej (Right Wing of the Republic), Polska Partia Pracy (Polish Labour Party), Partia Zieloni (Greens), Solidarna Polska (Solidary Poland). The author of the article discusses the issues of leadership competition, creation of informal groups in the party elections, members disciplining, and leaders forcing environmental risks arising from the principles of internal democracy. The author stated that the parties should be left free to shape structures while legally protect the democratic principles of choice and the relationship between the authorities and the equality of rights of members of the party.

2

The Political Image of Left-wing Leaders in Poland: How Young Voters Evaluate the Politicians from Different “Political Generations”

88%

Marmola M., Darmoń K.

Political Preferences

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2022

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vol. 30

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issue 1

5-18

EN

In recent decades political activity has become more and more personalized. Thus, to achieve political success, it is necessary to have a recognizable and popular party leader. Polish left-wing parties have adopted a different strategy. Instead of betting on one leader, they promote “three tenors” from different political generations (Robert Biedroń, Włodzimierz Czarzasty, and Adrian Zandberg). The aim of our study (N=379) is to diagnose how voters perceive the political images of these left-wing leaders and what feelings they have towards them. We confirm the findings from other studies suggesting the effect of political preferences and ideological orientation on the perception of political image and emotional attitudes to party leaders.

3

Formalne determinanty pozycji przywódców w strukturach pozaparlamentarnych partii politycznych w Polsce

63%

Hartliński M.

Prawo i Polityka

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2015

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issue 6

40-64

EN

The study is aimed at analysing the statutes of 76 political parties and constitutes an attempt at characterising the formal position of party leaders in the structures of Polish non-parliamentary parties. Formal conditions determining leadership in non-parliamentary parties may be characterised with references to a few issues. Almost all of such parties have either of two formally determined positions of the leader. This is chairman (35) and president (33). In the majority of the parties (44) the position of the leader is an independent body set apart in their organisational structure. In fewer parties, the leader is the head of a collegiate body. Classifying the hierarchy of party bodies, in the greatest number of cases the leader was not set apart (29). If it was done, the leader received the second (20) or the third (14) position. The leader almost always, as a result of the position he occupies, becomes a member of other key bodies in the party. In slightly more than half of the parties (39), the leader has an opportunity to decide about the choice of his closest collaborators thanks to the right to propose candidates to take such positions. The length of the term in office is also different in different parties, although the most common period is 4 years (31 parties). In 63 out of 71 parties the leader is chosen by the delegates of local structures during a national congress. As regards the proposed research hypothesis, non-parliamentary parties do not significantly differ from the mainstream parties. There are no considerable disproportions with reference to the applied terminology, selecting various bodies, solutions concerning terms of office, automatic election to the most important decision-making bodies, as well as methods of selecting the leaders. The only difference concerns the fact that in non-parliamentary parties the leader is often not set apart against other party bodies, which is a situation quite rare among the main political parties. As far as the distinguished indexes are concerned, there is of course some degree of variation, yet both parliamentary as well as non-parliamentary parties show similar tendencies in formal positioning of the leaders in their structures.

4

„Partie politycznych przedsiębiorców” – nowy model partii?

63%

Sobolewska-Myślik K., Kosowska-Gąstoł B.

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

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2017

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vol. 55

108-129

EN

Recent changes of social structure and political communication resulted in the emergence of the new type of political parties, which have started to appear since the 1990s. Such parties are difficult to describe using the existing models, so new propositions were developed, the best known are “business-firm parties” or “entrepreneurial parties”. Those two models, and also several other, are analyzed in this paper in order to answer the question whether those propositions are capturing the most important characteristics of the new parties. As the result we confirm that the new model of political parties is really emerging. We propose to name it “parties of political entrepreneurs” because the most important traits of those parties are the central role of the leader in creation and functioning of the party and modes of activity borrowed from the market economy, which are supposed to increase the effectiveness of the party.

PL

Przekształcenia struktur społecznych oraz zmiany w zakresie komunikacji politycznej spowodowały, że od lat 90. XX wieku zaczęły się upowszechniać w Europie partie nowego typu, które nie dają się opisać za pomocą stosowanych do tej pory tradycyjnych modeli. W literaturze pojawiło się wiele koncepcji obrazujących zachodzące zmiany. Do najbardziej znanych należą „partie-firmy” oraz „partie przedsiębiorców”. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła na wyciągnięcie wniosku, że z przedstawionych przez różnych autorów propozycji wyłania się nowy model partii, który postulujemy określić mianem „partii politycznych przedsiębiorców”. Cechą tego typu ugrupowań jest centralna rola lidera w tworzeniu i funkcjonowaniu partii oraz odwoływanie się w ich sposobie działania do mechanizmów znanych z rynku ekonomicznego.

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2 Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

1 Political Preferences

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1 Marmola M.

1 Sobolewska-Myślik K.

1 Tomczak Ł.

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Czy polskie partie są demokratyczne?

The Political Image of Left-wing Leaders in Poland: How Young Voters Evaluate the Politicians from Different “Political Generations”

Formalne determinanty pozycji przywódców w strukturach pozaparlamentarnych partii politycznych w Polsce

„Partie politycznych przedsiębiorców” – nowy model partii?