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In search of key determinants of innovativeness in the regions of the Visegrad group countries

100%
Roszko-Wójtowicz E., Dańska-Borsiak B., Grzelak M. M., Pleśniarska A.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2022
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vol. 13
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issue 4
1015-1045
EN
Research background: Discussions on the state of the economy in times of crisis focus not only on maintaining or improving innovativeness, but also on the emergence of new dimensions of this phenomenon and changing the significance of individual determinants of innovativeness. Innovativeness is a complex, multidimensional and difficult to measure phenomenon, which implies the need to select various indicators and methods for its assessment. Synthetic measures of innovativeness are widely used in comparative analyses, in particular presenting results in international or interregional cross-sections. The degree of innovativeness should also be assessed at different levels of economic aggregation. The lower the level of aggregation, the easier it becomes to capture the specific determinants of the increase in innovativeness of a given area. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to attempt to measure the relationship between expenditures and results of innovative activities for NUTS-2 regions of the Visegrad Group countries. Three variables were adopted to describe the effects of innovative activity: PCT patent applications per billion GDP (in PPS), trademark applications per billion GDP (in PPS) and public-private co-publications per million of population. Methods: The study covered 37 NUTS-2 regions of the Visegrad Group countries in the years 2014?2021. From the point of view of the purpose of the paper and the need to search for the relationship between expenditures on innovative activity and the results of this activity, it is worth emphasizing that the use of static and dynamic econometric models proved to be a substantively correct solution leading to the formulation of clear conclusions. Findings & value added: The conducted research confirmed that business R&D expenditure on GDP has a positive effect on inventions expressed by patents and trademarks, especially in the long run. In addition, the literature review and empirical analyses indicate that the main determinants of innovativeness (both before and during the pandemic) are the expenditures of economic entities on R&D, competences expressed by the level of education or participation in tertiary education, as well as the number of ICT specialists and the percentage of people employed in science and technology. Despite the deterioration of many macroeconomic indicators in the countries of the Visegrad Group, the expenditures of the business sector on R&D in most regions did not decrease between 2019 and 2021. The added value of the paper is the presented research procedure, which can be used in analyses of innovativeness also for other groups of regions.
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Technology Creates 21st Century Wealth – Processes, Problems, and Prognosis

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Zehner II W. B., Williams C., Pletcher G.
Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych
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2016
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issue 2(20)
17-38
EN
Science and technology are the driving forces increasing the global standards of living. The technology – wealth relationship is complex and not well understood presently but recent macro data tends to support Robert Solow’s 1957 observation that societal, company, and individual wealth and increased standards of living is created by application of science and technology to socio-economic challenges. In 1987, Robert Solow received the Nobel Prize in Economics, for his insight that "seven-eighths" of the world's increase in world wealth is due to advances in science and technology. The challenges and costs of of wealth creation are identified. This paper explores wealth as defined by GDP/capita, and the current correlations between world /GDP per capita and R&D spending, the number of scientific and technical articles, and number of patents applications from 2000 to 2012 / 2013 with a forecast of world GDP/ capita to 2025 of approximately $15,000 USD from today's $10,000 USD.
PL
Nauka i technologia są siłami napędowymi zwiększającymi globalne standardy życia. Zależność między technologią, a bogactwem jest złożona i w tej chwili jeszcze słabo zrozumiania, ale niedawne dane makro wydają się potwierdzać spostrzeżenie Roberta Solowa (1957), że społeczne, firmowe i osobiste bogactwo oraz wyższe standardy życia są tworzone poprzez zastosowanie nauki i technologii do wyzwań społeczno-ekonomicznych. W 1987 Robert Solow otrzymał Nagrodę Nobla w dziedzinie ekonomii za jego spostrzeżenie, że za "siedem ósmych" globalnego wzrostu bogactwa odpowiadają postępy w nauce i technologii. Wyzwania i koszty tworzenia bogactwa zostają zidentyfikowane. Niniejsza praca analizuje bogactwo definiowane jako PKB na osobę i obecne powiązania między światowym PKB na osobę, a wydatkami na badania i rozwój, liczbą publikacji naukowych i technicznych oraz liczbą zgłoszeń patentowych od 2000 do 2012/2013 wraz z prognozą światowego PKB na osobę do 2015 – w przybliżeniu 15,000 USD, w porównaniu do obecnego 10,000 USD.
3
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Sektor rolno-spożywczy jako priorytet w strategiach inteligentnych specjalizacji państw Unii Europejskiej

58%
Kardas M.
Studia i Materiały
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2016
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issue 2/2016 (22), cz.2
23-47
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy strategii inteligentnych specjalizacji państw Unii Europejskiej (UE28) oraz ich specjalizacji naukowej i technologicznej pod kątem sektora rolno-spożywczego. Zidentyfikowano 24 państwa, które określiły sektor rolno-spożywczy w strategiach inteligentnych specjalizacji jako obszary priorytetowe (na poziomie krajowym lub regionalnym) oraz dokonano analizy specjalizacji naukowych i technologicznych tych państw w zakresie sektora rolno-spożywczego na podstawie analizy bibliometrycznej artykułów naukowych oraz zgłoszeń patentowych, a także danych dotyczących finansowania i zatrudnienia w sektorze badawczo-rozwojowym. Na podstawie ww. analizy wyodrębniono trzy grupy państw (liderzy skali, liderzy specjalizacji i państwa budujące skalę lub specjalizację) oraz główne wyzwania związane z ich strategiami inteligentnych specjalizacji w kontekście sektora rolno-spożywczego. Omówiono także najważniejsze ograniczenia związane z przyjętą metodą analizy i zaproponowano kierunki dalszych badań w tym zakresie.
EN
The article presents the analysis of the smart specialization strategy in the EU Member States (EU28) and their research and innovation specializations from the perspective of agri-food industry. 24 countries were identified that indicated agri-food industry in the smart specialization strategies (at the national or regional level). Then research and technological potential and specialization of these countries in agri-food industry were analyzed. On that basis three groups of countries (leaders of scale, leaders of specialization and countries building scale or specialization) and the main challenges associated with their smart specialization strategies in the context of agri-food industry were identified. The article also discusses the limitations of the adopted method of analysis and proposes directions for further research in this area.
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