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PL
Vocational education was one of the most important stages of the educational system in those days, as it is today. In the interwar period vocational education took on a special significance, because with its help efforts were made to pursue specific educational goals aimed at shaping the attitudes that were then in force, defined as civic and patriotic. The analysis presented below shows the educational goals in reference to youth schools (Cracow vocational schools) focused mainly on youth organisations. Among the most important are Polish scouts. A wide organisational movement was developed alongside it, focusing on military and defense issues, touring, tourism, and sport and recreation. The organisational activities carried out within them were aimed at building strictly defined patterns of citizenship and patriotism among the local youth, which could help in defending their own homeland.
EN
The paper describes the role of local authorities of poviat and commune level in the Second Republic of Poland in the area of widely understood support for the functioning of education system in common schools in rural areas in the period between 1918-1939. The paper outlines the main rules of the functioning of local authorities, paying attention to its democracy between 1918-1926 and its drastic distortions and restrictions introduced by the political camp of Marshal Józef Pilsudski, particularly between 1933-1939 when the reform of local authorities was introduced in a way that it could be beneficial for this political camp. The subsequent part of the article presents, among others, forms of cultivating the memory about the teachers who fought for the Polish education under foreign occupation.
PL
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