The aim of the econometric analysis is to show the mechanism shaping the level of value of transactions made with payment cards. In the article the value of transactions from payment cards was assumed as dependent variable. Reference rate and average remuneration were accepted as dependent variables. Data from banks cover all transactions made using cards issued by banks to their clients, both in Poland and abroad. Quarterly data from the period 2000-2010 were chosen for the research. The estimation of linear order was made with the use of classic least squares method. The results confirmed the assumed hypotheses: the increase of reference rate usually leads to the decrease in the value of card transactions and the salary increase in the national economy to the reverse regularity.
This paper discusses issues connected with determination of a legal nature of banking cards stealing. Despite the fact that Article 278 § 5 Penal Code criminalises ATM card stealing only, in judiciary practice these rules apply to stealing for all of types of banking card. The author deems it is necessary for reviewing the views concerning the interpretation of Article 278 Penal Code and criteria for a banking card stealing.
Merchants that accepts non-cash payments are the sponsors for the cashless turnover in Poland. As they accept the card payment their income is reduced by the fee paid for the card issuers. The fee they pay is called the intercharge fee. It is the main part of service fees for card terminals maintenance. This fee is a burden for cashless turnover, discouraging merchants for card terminals installing. Moreover clients have reduced possibility of non-cash payments and are made to pay cash or find other stores that accept payments with the card. Intercharge fee in Poland used to be the highest in the whole European Union. The regulation dated of 29th of January 2015 reduced it. This regulation aim at increasing cashless payments and make Polish acquirers competitive on the European market.
The article sets out to assess the development of Poland’s network of automated teller machines (ATMs) after a series of reductions in ATM interchange fees in the Visa and MasterCard systems in 2010. The author aims to determine how these reductions have influenced the development of the country’s cash dispenser network and analyzes whether or not ATM owners should be allowed to impose special surcharges on cash withdrawals under law. Moreover, based on empirical research conducted in 2010 and 2009, the author estimates the savings for consumers and banks resulting from the use of ATMs. Thanks to cash dispensers, consumers save time, while banks and the economy as a whole save money, Górka notes. The research makes use of foreign market experience, especially that gained in the United States, and of theoretical models developed in various research reports. The specific features of the Polish market are also taken into account. The author outlines the advantages and disadvantages of ATM surcharges, pointing out that, under the current economic conditions in Poland, following the interchange fee reductions, passing laws regulating the permissibility of surcharges would be beneficial to the development of the country’s ATM network, especially in rural areas and small towns. The development of the ATM network benefits both consumers and banks, the author says. Poland is a country in which cash payments continue to dominate and consumers need to have access to banknotes and coins, while cash dispensers are a relatively cheap channel of distributing cash, Górka says. Based on macroeconomic data for 2009, the author estimates that Polish consumers saved 22.4 million hours that year by withdrawing cash in ATMs instead of at bank branches, which means that the average consumer and bank product user saved 1 hour. The total cost savings of the Polish economy from the use of ATMs stood at 1.63 billion zlotys (about 400 million euros). The estimated cost savings for banks were 1.34 billion zlotys (around 340 million euros), according to Górka. An analysis of the Polish market data shows that the reductions in the interchange fees collected from ATM cash withdrawal transactions have directly led to a sharp decline in the profitability of the ATM business for banks and independent ATM deployers, who have recently been the main driving force behind the development of the ATM network in Poland. In the case of Poland, the possibility of charging special ATM transaction convenience fees does not necessarily mean that such fees will be charged to consumers, while they would help stimulate the market, according to the author. At the moment, interchange fees are low, Górka says, which discourages both banks and independent ATM deployers from investing in the development of the ATM network despite consumer expectations.
This paper focuses on the issue of payment cards as an innovative way of paying for transport services in Ukraine. Evaluation of the share of cash outside the banks in the money supply in Ukraine in 2013-2017 has been analyzed, as well as the dynamics of the main indicators of functioning of the payment cards market of Ukraine during 2012-2017. The main tendencies of the development of the payment cards market in Ukraine are considered, in particular the dynamics of the number of holders of payment cards and their issuing banks, the development of electronic payment infrastructure, types of payment cards issued by Ukrainian banks and the dynamics of the structure of transactions using payment cards by volume and quantity. Based on the analysis, conclusions were made on the development of cashless payments by payment cards in Ukraine.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na problematyce kart płatniczych jako innowacyjnej metody płatności za usługi transportowe. Przeprowadzono analizę udziału środków pieniężnych poza bankami w podaży pieniądza na Ukrainie w latach 2013-2017, jak również dynamikę głównych determinantów rozwoju rynku kart płatniczych na Ukrainie w latach 2012-2017. Zostały określone główne tendencję rozwoju rynku kart płatniczych na Ukrainie, w szczególności dynamika liczby posiadaczy kart płatniczych i ich banków wydających, rozwój elektronicznej infrastruktury płatniczej, rodzaje kart płatniczych wydawane przez ukraińskie banki, dynamika struktury transakcji z za pomocą kart płatniczych według objętości i ilości. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy sformułowano wnioski dotyczące rozwoju płatności bezgotówkowych za pomocą kart płatniczych na Ukrainie.
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