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PL
This article shows the author’s development path. In the first part of the text: Significant inspirations. From early childhood to doctoral thesis, the author discusses the impact of the most significant people from his family background and intellectuals on the current level of his general theoretical knowledge and practice in aesthetic education, including the multiple experiences of working in agricultural schools as well as the ministerial pedagogical supervision. In the second part: Pedagogy of culture as an inspiration for educational theories and practice, the author shows the stages from 1995 to the revived pedagogy of culture, signalling its multiple effects, also in the field of aesthetic education.
e-mentor
|
2013
|
issue 3 (50)
52-55
EN
E-learning used to be characterized as the future of education. Now it becomes education’s present. It creates many new possibilities, but there appear new problems along with them. When looking for the best contemporary formula for distance learning, it is worth to refer to the pedagogy of culture. It influenced European pedagogical thought in the first half of 20th century, in Poland its height fell on the second half of the 20th century. Pedagogy of culture is a kind of pedagogical humanism, deeply rooted in European philosophical thought. In this context a man is a cultural person, that experiences and creates new values. The basis of education should be the contact with goods of culture, interiorization, creating new ideas and shaping personality. These ideals should light up the issues of distance learning, help formulate its long-term goals and plan how to shape students’ personality. Human values should be recognized the most important and basic, regardless of the form of learning.
EN
Being aware of the importance of cultural heritage for the development of the human species, this reconstruction of the biblical discourse, which sees it as an educational practice that systematically shapes attitudes, is an activity aimed at extracting universal principles of humanity. And it is not just about something that some would like to close as an axiom in the space of religious education. Because it is not about moving only within such a space referring directly to the concept of imitatio Dei here, but about the analysis of everyday practices and universal principles into which this everyday life fits. On the contrary, I would like to say that my actions will aim at achieving some kind of distance from religion. As part of this scientific reflection, which becomes a walk in the humanities, which has been my participation for many years, I get to know the human being in the context of the decisions made and the effects that they generate. Thus, it seems that the cause-and-effect pattern is inscribed in the nature of being human, and any attempt to ignore this principle reveals a direct reluctance to think or outright ignorance. In these few pages, I reach the determinants behind the decisions made, to finally reconstruct the attitude of the Educator himself, useful in the contemporary theory of education. Although the linguistic category of ‘discourse’ has become very fashionable in the statements of scientists, there may still be an unconscious mistake in using this word permanently. This error is a kind of personification of this conceptual category ascribing human characteristics to abstract concepts. Perhaps many authors unknowingly make a mistake here, which casts a shadow over the entire scientific argument and, at the same time, on the logic of the presented theories. For example, when we read the following text: ‘discourses … took up timeless social, cultural or religious problems’. After all, it was not the discourses that took up the problems, but people using such a linguistic scheme described the phenomena of communication that were interesting to them. My approach to discourse theory results from the belief that there is no possibility of reaching the educational reality in itself, the reality is produced in time understood as a scalar quantity that determines the sequence of events as well as the intervals between occurring events. Secondly, that in the educational social relations analyzed in this text, we can include the categories of educating authority as the main source of shaping the community described in the pages of the Bible, and especially in the pages of the Old Testament. Thirdly, it seems that in the history of history, biblical history can be talked about its discursive understanding. Such an approach, which is characteristic of building the structures of understanding phenomena using a language, leads to the situation of constructing an educational dialogue, the effect of which is the exchange of information in order to shape specific attitudes. The continuity of the educational discourse understood in this way leads to the creation of a framework in which inviolable traditions and their characteristic shape turn out to be a guarantee of a successful future for happy people.
PL
Ze względu na wagę dziedzictwa kulturowego dla rozwoju gatunku ludzkiego niniejsza rekonstrukcja dyskursu biblijnego ujmująca go jako praktykę wychowawczą, systematycznie kształtującą postawy, jest działaniem zmierzającym do wydobycia uniwersalnych reguł człowieczeństwa. I nie chodzi tutaj tylko o coś, co niektórzy chcieliby zamknąć jako aksjomat w przestrzeni edukacji religijnej, czyli nie o poruszanie się wyłącznie w obrębie takiej przestrzeni odwołującej się wprost do koncepcji imitatio Dei, lecz o analizę praktyk codzienności oraz uniwersalnych zasad, w jakie ta codzienność się wpisuje. Wręcz chciałoby się powiedzieć, że moje działania będą zmierzały do uzyskania pewnego rodzaju dystansu wobec religii właśnie. W ramach tego naukowego namysłu, który staje się spacerem po humanistyce, od wielu lat będącym moim udziałem, poznaje się człowieka w kontekście podejmowanych decyzji i skutków, jakie one rodzą. Tym samym wydaje się, że schemat przyczynowo-skutkowy jest wpisany w naturę bycia człowiekiem i jakakolwiek próba pominięcia tej zasady ujawnia wprost niechęć do myślenia bądź ignorancję. Na tych kilku stronach docieram do uwarunkowań, które stoją za podejmowanymi decyzjami, aby w końcu zrekonstruować postawę samego Wychowawcy, użyteczną we współczesnej teorii wychowania. Chociaż kategoria językowa, jaką jest „dyskurs”, stała się bardzo modna w wypowiedziach naukowców, to jednak permanentnie pojawia się być może nieuświadomiony błąd w posługiwaniu się tym słowem. Błędem tym jest swego rodzaju personifikacja tejże kategorii pojęciowej, przypisująca pojęciom abstrakcyjnym cechy ludzkie. Być może wielu autorów nieświadomie popełnia tutaj błąd, który rzuca cień na cały naukowy wywód, a zarazem na logikę prezentowanych teorii, np. kiedy odczytujemy następujący tekst: „dyskursy podejmowały ponadczasowe problemy społeczne, kulturowe czy religijne”. Wszak to nie dyskursy podejmowały problemy, lecz ludzie przy pomocy takiego schematu językowego opisywali interesujące ich zjawiska komunikacji. Moje podejście do teorii dyskursu wynika z przekonania, że po pierwsze – nie istnieje możliwość dotarcia do rzeczywistości wychowawczej samej w sobie. Rzeczywistość jest wytwarzana w czasie rozumianym jako wielkość skalarna określająca kolejność zdarzeń, a także odstępy między zachodzącymi zdarzeniami. Po drugie – że w wychowawcze stosunki społeczne, analizowane w tym tekście, możemy wpisać kategorię władzy wychowującej jako głównego źródła kształtowania się społeczności opisanej na kartach Biblii, a zwłaszcza na kartach Starego Testamentu. Po trzecie – wydaje się, że w historii dziejów, historii biblijnej można mówić o jej dyskursywnym rozumieniu. Takie podejście, które jest charakterystyczne dla budowania za pomocą języka struktur rozumienia zjawisk, prowadzi do sytuacji konstruowania dialogu wychowawczego, którego efektem jest wymiana informacji w celu ukształtowania określonych postaw. Ciągłość tak rozumianego dyskursu wychowawczego prowadzi do stworzeniem ram, w których nienaruszalne tradycje oraz ich charakterystyczny kształt okazują się gwarancją pomyślnej przyszłości szczęśliwych ludzi.
EN
In the present article the meaning of `education' is discussed from the position of pedagogy of culture and the values are pointed to that are realized by Stanisław Jachowicz (1796-1857) in Ćwiczenia pobożne rozwijające myśl (1857) – the highest, most important, most valuable values, that are a perfect model for Christian education. Hence, the structural analysis of Jachowicz's selected texts and their problems are discussed and their worldview, spiritual, ethical and cognitive values are pointed to; next, the kinds of utterances and the techniques used by the writer are shown in order to pronounce the fact that he professed Christian principles and wanted his readers to become pious, good people who would propagate the good. The analytical method is mainly used, and it is complemented with the method of statistical analysis, which allows discovering more deeply Jachowicz's pedagogical thought that, in the author's opinion, belongs to the so-called pedagogy of culture. It has been found that in the collection Jachowicz declares his adherence to the Catholic worldview and becomes its exponent and apologist. He emphasizes the greatness, omnipresence and uncommonness of God, at the same time teaching his readers to worship Him. This is done in various ways: he orders it, prays, and teaches. It has been calculated that as many as 91.5% of all the statements in the examined works worship God. Jachowicz also distinctly expresses spiritual values, such as man's contact with God; Christian virtues: faith, hope, trust, vocation and responsibility; struggle against evil; and man's participation in the salutary Passion of Redemption. Also another group is distinguished – that of ethical values (moral imperatives), like: honest work, piety, honor, respect for life, man's dignity, intellectual development, humility; as well as cognitive values containing the image of real world and man's activity, shaping the recipient's consciousness and teaching him to foresee the results of his actions and reasoning, expressing the care for human life marked with chastity, piety, unselfishness, continuously remembering about God and about eternal salvation. These values are expressed in three forms: order-appeal, prayer and direction (instruction). Also the techniques that are used and the kinds of statements have been examined in order to prove that orders having the informative-instructive, instructive, esthetic, captivating, instructive-captivating, and captivating-esthetic functions dominate. By means of them Jachowicz educates with the aim of respecting Christian values, calling for a fully happy life, united with God, for sainthood. It turns out that to this goal he also uses various kinds of prayer: adoration, request, imploration; and he utters evaluating statements – which has not been yet emphasized – as a priest with an intensive inner life. Hopefully the present article will allow pedagogues to make the young generation consciously and more profoundly make the discussed values come true in their lives. However, it must be added that the present article is the first result of studies on Stanisław of Dzików's literary output and it does not exhaust the issue; nevertheless the author hopes to meet the challenge in the future.
EN
Presented text inspiring with the reapprasial of value of popculture texts, espacially its dominant medium as film. Considerations should be treated as a voice to reapraise humanistic potential in the stream of research upon pop culture. The author in connection to critical discourse analysis tends towards grasping actuality of dialog in pedagogical disocurse upon the value of pop cultural texts as natural milieau of young generations and also the discussion upon the value of these texts as the identity construction platform in the liquide culture. Should be treated as the starting point towards more advanced studies in that field.
PL
Prezentowany tekst inspirowany jest myślą upomnienia się o wartość tekstów popkultury, a zwłaszcza dominującego medium, jakie stanowi film. Zawarte rozważania traktować można jako głos o odzyskanie potencjału humanistycznego w nurcie badań nad kulturą popularną. Autor poprzez nawiązanie do nurtu badań krytycznych nad dyskursem (KAD) zmierza do uchwycenia aktualnego wciąż w pedagogice dialogu nad znaczeniem tekstów popkultury jako naturalnego milieau młodego pokolenia oraz sporu o wartość tego typu tekstów jako głównego nośnika tożsamościowego we współczesnej kulturze płynności. Tekst stanowi pretekst do podjęcia tematu w bardziej wyczerpujący sposób.
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