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EN
Conflict is inseparable from human everyday life. Inscribed in the functioning of an individual who enters various social interactions, its occurrence at some stage of life is inevitable. It is based on the divergent interests of the parties striving to achieve a specific goal. Many conflict situations, destructive in their effects and causing a sense of instability and frustration, appear in the school environment among young people. Peer mediation offers a constructive approach to peer conflict, resolving it through conversation, exchange of thoughts and views by parties representing different positions, in the presence of an impartial and neutral mediator, who is their adequately prepared and trained peer. Peer mediation offers a chance for active participation in the search for a mutually satisfactory solution, teaches responsibility for the decisions taken and creates a sense of agency, which is so important in adulthood.
EN
The purposes of the article are: to prove peer mediation as technology of regulation conflict among the pupils of secondary school; to characterize foreign experience of mediation at school and describe implementation of peer mediation in the educational process of secondary schools in a particular region and Ukraine; to analyze the results the survey of specialists by department of psychology and social work at schools of the Chernivtsi city and the region, aimed at determining the types of conflicts that often arise in these schools among the pupils and the role of the specialists in solving the conflicts. Research methods: theoretical – analysis of scientific literature on this issue; empirical – written survey to determine the main types of conflicts at school; methods of mathematical statistics for quantitative and qualitative analysis of empirical data. Research results. The survey of psychologists and school social workers of Chernivtsy city and the region, enabled us to analyze how the conflicts among the pupils are solving at present in the region, and demonstrated the role in it of the professionals whose duties are to resolve conflicts among the members of the educational process. Therefore, we can confidently say that mechanism of solving conflicts as it has to be does not exist. The introduction of such a mechanism is most necessary step today in Ukraine. The practical significance of the research, conclusions and perspectives for future scientific studies. The survey of specialists of the department of psychology and social work at schools of the Chernivtsi city and the region demonstrated the need for implementing efficient technologies of solving conflicts among the pupils. Such technology can be a peer mediation because it involves teaching children the peaceful resolution of conflicts, constructive communication, tolerant behavior, understanding attitude to other thoughts, recovery of lost social ties, cooperation. Centers of the mediation at school in Ukraine and the world are becoming more popular because of its effective activity, as evidenced by a decrease in conflicts, disorders among children and adolescents. These centers require special training of social workers, psychologists of school, and subsequently children.
EN
Mediation is a commonly used method of conflict resolution. It is also widely used in building the responsibility of the younger generation. The use of mediations is a form of personal and civic education of this social group. In this application, the mediation undertaken a number of functions, in particular taking over responsibility for their own behavior of young people, shaping the attitude of tolerance, values and morals, as well as communication skills and mediation. This is particularly important in the era of reforming the Polish system of upbringing and education. Not without significance is also taking action to support the family in carrying out its functions of education, building social attitudes and moral. Mediation is a tool that develops empathy in young people and to sensitize each other, building interpersonal relationships, which in today’s world often replace new technologies.
EN
Aim. Peer mediation is a tool for the prevention of socio-pathological phenomena occurring in the school environment, is an opportunity to resolve conflicts through reconciliation. The paper focuses on the perception of the importance of peer mediation and on the presentation of the results of a questionnaire survey, the aim of which was to determine the respondents’ preferences after completion of the project process. Methods. The aim of the questionnaire survey was to determine how pupils and students perceive peer mediation. The survey sample consisted of selected pupils from 6 primary schools aged 10 to 15 years and students from 6 secondary schools aged 15 to 18 years. The questionnaire was completed at the beginning (year 2020 - N = 189, including 90 primary school pupils) and end of the project implementation (year 2021 - N = 124, including 56 primary school pupils). Results. The responses in the entry and exit questionnaires, the respondents declared after participating in the project process an increase in their experience with peer mediation, expressed an interest in becoming peer mediators and resolving personal and school conflicts through peer mediation. Conclusion. Peer mediation engages pupils in a common dialogue to resolve conflicts at school through reconciliation and is a suitable way to prevent undesirable social phenomena in the school environment. The results of the research showed that respondents preferred peer mediation and perceived it as an appropriate form of conflict resolution in the school environment.
PL
Szkoła to miejsce, w którym dochodzi do wielu nieprozumień, sporów i konfliktów między uczniami, często rozwiązywanych za pomocą agresji i przemocy fizycznej. Jednym z narzędzi, które może być przydatne w rozwiązywaniu tego typu problemów, są mediacje rówieśnicze. W ich trakcie bezstronny i neutralny mediator, którym jest odpowiednio przeszkolony uczeń, pomaga swoim szkolnym kolegom w wypracowaniu wzajemnie korzystnego porozumienia. Mediacje rówieśnicze stają się szansą na odejście od konfrontacyjnego stylu rozwiązywania konfliktów, opartego na rywalizacji i jednostronnej wygranej na rzecz dialogu i współdziałania obu stron w poszukiwaniu rozwiązania, w którym jest dwóch zwycięzców. Tego typu podejście do konflik-tów to praktyczna lekcja rozwijania umiejętności komunikacyjnych i współpracy w grupie, bazu-jąca na pomysłowości młodych ludzi w poszukiwaniu sposobów rozwiązania sporu bez użycia przemocy. Uczy odpowiedzialności za własne postępowanie oraz kształtuje postawę szacunku wobec drugiego człowieka i otwartości na jego potrzeby.
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PL
Cel. Celem badania jest identyfikacja i analiza pozytywnych stron mediacji rówieśniczej w zwalczaniu bullyingu szkolnego oraz podkreślenie jej mocnych stron w zakresie metod profilaktyki oraz interwencji. Metody. Metodą krytycznej analizy opracowano wyniki naukowe (badania, monografie) oraz istniejące wyniki badań z zamiarem porównania dotychczas zidentyfikowanych i opisanych aspektów mediacji rówieśniczej, a także umieszczenia ich w kontekście potrzeb i możliwości środowiska szkolnego w rozwiązywaniu problemu bullyingu. Tekst ma charakter pracy przeglądowej. Wyniki. Analiza ogromny potencjał mediacji w prewencji i interwencji bullyingu w środowisku szkolnym. W węższym znaczeniu, może być korzystna we wzmacnianiu odporności i obronności potencjalnych ofiar, a także empatii i współczucia potencjalnych agresorów. W szerszym sensie natomiast, może być przydatna w kształtowaniu zdrowego i przyjaznego klimatu w klasie i szkole. Wnioski. Jednym z istotnych zadań szkoły jest stworzenie środowiska wspierającego rozwój osobowości dziecka, a także stworzenie odpowiednich warunków pracy dla wszystkich uczestników procesu edukacyjnego (Kraus, 2008; Smith, Pepler, & Rigby, 2004). Niemniej jednak szkoła jest często środowiskiem napięć, konfliktów i źródłem psychologicznej traumy dla dzieci, rodziców i nauczycieli ( Fox, Boulton, 2006; Hanish i in., 2004; Hymel, Swearer, 2015; Poněšický, 2005; Thornberg, 2011). Dostrzeżono szczególny potencjał mediacji rówieśniczych w środowisku szkolnym w obszarze wzmacniania odporności ofiar oraz promowaniu pozytywnych zmian w zachowaniu rówieśników. Oryginalność. Wyniki badania nie są nowatorskie, ale ukazują inny punkt widzenia w zakresie rozwiązywania problemu bullyingu w szkole (podkreślenie pozytywów niedyrektywnego podejścia rówieśniczego). Ambicją badania było porównanie istniejących środowisk pedagogicznych, psychologicznych oraz socjologicznych, identyfikacja nowych relacji i kontekstów oraz wzbogacenie ich o własną wiedzę z zakresu pracy z dziećmi w profilaktyce bullyingu w szkole.
EN
Aim. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the positives of peer mediation in addressing school bullying, and to highlight its strengths within the spectrum of prevention and intervention methods within this issue. Methods. Using the method of critical analysis, we processed scientifi c outputs (studies, monographs), and existing research fi ndings with the intention to compare the so far identifi ed and described aspects of peer mediation, and to put them in context of the needs and possibilities of the school environment in solving the problem of bullying. The text has the character of a review study. Results. The analysis showed that peer mediation has great potential in the prevention and intervention of bullying in the school environment: in a narrower sense, it can be benefi cial in strengthening the resilience and defence of potential victims, as well as the empathy and compassion of potential aggressors; in a broader sense, it can be useful in shaping a healthy and friendly classroom and school climate. Conclusion. One of the relevant tasks of the school is to create a supportive environment for the development of the child’s personality and appropriate working conditions for all actors of the educational process (Kraus, 2008; Smith, Pepler & Rigby, 2004). Nevertheless, school is often an environment of tension, confl ict, and a source of psychological trauma for children, parents, and teachers ( Fox & Boulton, 2006; Hanish et al., 2004; Hymel & Swearer, 2015; Poněšický, 2005; Thornberg, 2011). In particular, we see the potential of peer mediation in the school setting in strengthening the resilience of victims and promoting positive changes in the behaviour and actions of peers. Originality. The results of the study are not innovative, but they bring a different point of view on solving the problem of bullying in school (highlighting the positives of a nondirective peer approach); the ambition of the study was to compare the existing pedagogical, psychological, and sociological backgrounds, to identify new relationships and contexts, and to enrich them with their own knowledge in the work with children in the prevention of bullying in school.
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