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EN
Numerous dysfunctions of penitentiary isolation, identified in the course of more than 200 years of application of the penalty of imprisonment, demonstrate that prisons do not improve people and do not make them more pro-social than they had been before they started serving their sentences. The crisis of penal policy based on extensive use of the penalty of imprisonment makes it necessary to expand the catalog of penal measures that do not involve any restriction of liberty and to limit the extent of application of the penalty of imprisonment to only the most serious crimes that constitute a grave threat to society. The authors of the Polish Penal Code of 1997, following the ultima ratio principle in the case of the penalty of imprisonment in the case of petty crimes and crimes of medium gravity, provided an extensive range of possibilities in the selection of the penal-law responses to such crimes. As a result, the penalty of imprisonment should be restricted mostly to perpetrators of acts that are very harmful to society. Given the fact that their sentences are several or even over ten years long, the question about the objectives of enforcement of the penalty of imprisonment is still to be answered.
EN
The main objective of this paper is to show the impact of adopted in 1997 Criminal Code on the justice system in Poland. In particular the principle of "ultima ratio of imprisonment" as the ultimate means of penalty. Author through the following paragraphs shows the main foundations that was taken to establish penal code, then presents statistics of delinquency, judical decision of imprisonment, penal statistics of short time sentences covering last 25 years. The last paragraph in the brief refers to the causes why regulations of imprisonment formed in penal code was not fully exploited.
EN
The subject matter of the article is the penal policy of courts of law implemented in 2005 and 2010, and in the years 2014–2015, presented based on court statistics. The principal objective of the discussion is to find the answer to the question of whether the penal code reform implementedby the Act of 20 February 2015, which became effective on 1 July 2015, brought about the expected changes in the jurisprudence. The preliminary results of the research demonstrated that the penal code reform did to an extent result in the expected changes in the penal policy, because, after its implementation, the extent to which the penalty of imprisonment with conditional suspension of its enforcement was imposed decreased, and the importance of the penalty of restriction of liberty increased. Also, the importance of the so-called mixed penalties increased. However, contrary to the expectations, the importance of unconditional imprisonment did not decrease and, instead, its share increased from 12.1% in 2014 to 14.4% in 2015.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki projektów zrealizowanych w jednostkach penitencjarnych Republiki Czech i Polski. Analizie poddano funkcjonowanie w warunkach izolacji więziennej rodziców dzieci do 15 r.ż., mających pełne prawa rodzicielskie i odbywających długoterminową karę pozbawienia wolności, oraz odczuwane przez nich dolegliwości uwięzienia. W szczególności skupiono się na sytuacji dziecka, którego rodzic odbywa karę pozbawienia wolności. Dokonano przeglądu rozwiązań oraz zaleceń prawnych dotyczących osadzonych rodziców i ich dzieci. Ponadto na podstawie zebranego materiału badawczego opracowano rekomendacje oraz zalecenia dla optymalnego i jak najbardziej konstruktywnego modelu postępowania penitencjarnego z osadzonymi odbywającymi długoterminową karę pozbawienia wolności, który będzie uwzględniał sytuację nie tylko osadzonych, ale i ich rodziny, w szczególności dzieci.
EN
In the article were presented results of project examination executed in penitentiary units in Czech Republic and Poland. Analysis were made against functioning of imprisonment conditions of parents who have children up to 15 years old and has full parental rights and are sentenced for long term of imprisonment plus their feeling ailment being imprisoned. Especially researches were focused on child situation whose parents were sentenced for imprisonment. Review were made about possible solutions and law recommendations of imprisoned parents and their children. Additionally, basing on collected research material, recommendation and road maps were made for the most optimal and constructive model of penitentiary order with long-term imprisonment people, which includes not only situation of sentenced but their families and children.
PL
System programowanego oddziaływania jest jednym z trzech systemów wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności. Odbywają w nim karę m.in. nieletni. Jego istotą jest prowadzenie zindywidualizowanych oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych na osadzonych przy uwzględnieniu ich jednostkowych potrzeb, deficytów i możliwości. Niestety obecny model tego systemu opiera się głównie na działaniach schematycznych, które nie przybliżają człowieka do życia na wolności zgodnego z regułami społecznymi
EN
The system of programmed interactions is one of the three systems of serving a sentence of imprisonment. It applies to various condemned persons, including minors. Its essence is to provide the imprisoned with personalized rehabilitation measures taking into account their individual needs, deficits and capabilities. Unfortunately, current model of this system is based mainly on schematic measures that do not bring an inmate’s real behaviour closer to attitudes and abilities which would allow him to function according to social norms.
EN
This article discusses the purposes of executing the penalty of imprisonment pursuant to the Executive Penal Code of 1997. The Polish legislator considers special prevention to be the basic purpose of executing the penalty of imprisonment. Moreover, the Polish legislator has stated that the purpose is also to protect society against criminal acts. The purposes of executing the penalty of imprisonment, specified in Article 67, para. 1 of the Executive Penal Code, are supposed to be achieved using the means of influencing convicts, which include work, teaching, cultural and sports activities, contacts with family members and the outside world, therapeutic measures and disciplinary penalties and awards. This article presents the significance of the penalty of imprisonment in the programmed rehabilitation system with regard to the achievement of the purposes of executing the penalty of imprisonment. A section of the article discusses the tasks of the Prison Service in this regard.
PL
Artykuł omawia problematykę celów wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności na gruncie Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego z 1997 r. Ustawodawca uznał za podstawowy cel wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności prewencję szczególną. Ponadto wskazał, że celem tym ma być także ochrona społeczeństwa przed przestępczością. Realizacja celów wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności wskazanych w art. 67 § 1 Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego ma się odbywać poprzez stosowanie środków oddziaływania na skazanych, do których zalicza się pracę, nauczanie, zajęcia kulturalno-światowe i sportowe, kontakty z rodziną i światem zewnętrznym, środki terapeutyczne, nagradzanie i karanie dyscyplinarne. Artykuł przedstawia znaczenie wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności w systemie programowanego oddziaływania w kontekście realizacji celów wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności. Oddzielne miejsce w artykule zajmuje omówienie zadań Służby Więziennej w tym zakresie.
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