Search results - CEJSH

1

Polska i Niemcy — porównanie systemów i reform emerytalnych obu krajów

100%

Ruzik-Sierdzińska A.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

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2011

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issue 28

6-23

EN

Aim of the following paper was to compare changes in the German and Polish pension systems caused by demographic and labour market trends observed in recent decades. Since 1990s, those changes were similar in two systems although ways to reach the goal differed. Both countries have obligatory public components of the pension system. There are also so called second pillars, i.e. employees pension plans in Germany and obligatory open pension funds in Poland. Then, there exists the third pillar—voluntary savings for the old age—linked to tax exemptions or subsidies. The result of the described reforms aremore favourable forecasts of the financial stability of both pension systems. Another one is also future (and already observed in Germany) increase in the effective retirement age and employment rate of older workers.

2

Czynniki wspierające powstawanie i rozwój świadomości emerytalnej jako instrumentu pobudzania indywidualnej zapobiegliwości o przyszłość emerytalną

80%

Klimkiewicz A.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2012

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vol. 15

261-270

EN

Projections for replacement rate achievable from two mandatory pillars of the pension system indicate a significant reduction in retirement income compared to regular professional activity. The designers of the new philosophy of retirement have made an assumption that all three pillars will play equivalent role in providing retirement income. They have also assumed that the participants of the pension system will be kept informed about the height of the expected benefits derived from the first pillar and the amount of funds raised in the second pillar. Forecast of low (unsatisfactory) benefits from a compulsory part of the system is supposed to persuade people to make informed decisions aimed at increasing retirement income.

3

Bases for trust in pension funds operating in Poland

80%

Marzec M.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2018

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issue 510

111-124

EN

The purpose of this article is to analyze the trust in Open Pension Funds (OPF) as entities operating in the Polish pension system. The task of OPFs is to collect and manage the funds accumulated by Poles in order to secure their capital after retirement. Poles often ignore the need to save money for old age, despite the fact that the Polish pension system provides for individual pension schemes. This article indicates the factors for building the trust in OPFs as institutions operating within the second pillar of the pension system. The trust in the pension system can be built through the trust in the individual institutions operating in the given system. Separating trust factors related to OPFs can indicate the methods of building the trust in the entire pension system.

4

Legitimization of pension institutions. Need or necessity?

80%

Marzec M., Szczudlińska-Kanoś A.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2019

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issue vol. 63, nr 9

172-184

EN

The pension system in its functioning and activity should be legitimized as an actual condition in performing specific tasks in accordance with the general requirements and expectations attributed to the pension system. In the case of institutions of the pension system, legitimacy should concern both the organization of the system itself ensuring the implementation of basic tasks, e.g. ensuring system security, guaranteeing the solvency of certain benefits, etc., as well as organizations at the level of individual institutions (public and private). The aim of the article is to analyze the issue of legitimizing the pension system from the point of view of institutions operating in the pension system. The article is teoretical and presents a model enabling understanding of the significant problem of legitimization against the background of functioning pension institutions. The study presents the adaptation of the conceptual (semantic) apparatus to the analysis of the legitimacy of the pension system.

PL

System emerytalny w swoim funkcjonowaniu i działalności powinien cechować się legitymizacją jako faktycznym warunkiem w wykonywaniu określonych zadań zgodnych z ogólnymi wymogami i oczekiwaniami przypisywanymi systemowi emerytalnemu. W przypadku instytucji systemu emerytalnego, legitymizacja powinna dotyczyć zarówno samej organizacji systemu zapewniającego realizację podstawowych zadań, np. zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa działania systemu, gwarantowanie wypłacalności określonych świadczeń itp., jak też organizacji na poziomie poszczególnych instytucji (publicznych i prywatnych). Celem artykułu jest analiza zagadnienia legitymizacji systemu emerytalnego z punktu widzenia instytucji działających w systemie emerytalnym. Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczny i przedstawia model umożliwiający zrozumienie istotny problemu legitymizacji na tle funkcjonujących instytucji emerytalnych. Opracowanie przedstawia przystosowanie aparatu pojęciowego (znaczeniowego) do analizy legitymizacji systemu emerytalnego.

5

Ageing policy in Israel

80%

Mizera K.

EXLIBRIS Biblioteka Gerontologii Społecznej

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2015

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issue 2(10)/2015 Social Policy and Models of Services for the Elderly International Perspective

87-98

EN

The goal of this work is to analyse the socio-demographic, political and economical conditions of life of the elderly in Israel, including the description of the pension system and selected services for senior citizens. It was conducted based on the analysis of source texts, statistics and reports, coming mostly from government sites, as well as international and Israeli institutions. Th e results obtained were confronted with an opinion concerning the quality of life of the elderly, provided by a 40-year-old Israeli citizen. Th is was researched in a manner of a free-form interview, which was carried out in May 2015 in Israel. Th e issues discussed in the interview outlined the structure of this work.

6

SYSTEM ZE ZDEFINIOWANĄ SKŁADKĄ - CZY NA PEWNO ZAWSZE LEPSZY?

80%

Zieliński P.

Polityka Społeczna

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2011

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vol. 38

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issue 11-12(452-453)

9-12

EN

In the study author compares the two types of pension systems: defined benefit system and defined contribution system. While describing advantages and disadvantages of both of them, he pays attention to the features, that are often being left out (or ignored) by other authors. As a result, the defined contribution system is usually presented as relatively better than system with defined benefit. In conclusion the author proposes using the hybrid systems that take advantage of strengths of both systems.

7

Wpływ powszechnych systemów emerytalnych na płodność

80%

Zwierzchowski J.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2009

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vol. 231

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issue 4

75-89

EN

The paper aims to show the way in which pension systems affect fertility rates. The author outlines the history of pension systems and traces changes in fertility. The article includes a brief overview of demographic theories and tells the reader why these approaches are inadequate in explaining fertility trends. In his analysis, Zwierzchowski makes use of the overlapping generations model (OLG) to show why and under what circumstances pensions may discourage people from having children. After further theoretical research, the author concludes that the negative influence of pension systems on fertility could be neutralized by the introduction of a public assistance program targeted at parents. The costs of such a program could be covered by those who do not have children, Zwierzchowski says. While today’s welfare state systems cover some of the costs of bringing up children, it is unclear to what extent this assistance neutralizes the negative impact of pension systems on fertility, Zwierzchowski notes.

8

REFORMING PENSIONS IN CHILE

80%

Barr N., Diamond P.

Polityka Społeczna

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2016

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vol. 43

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issue 1 (12) OLD-AGE PENSION SYSTEMS OUTSIDE EUROPE

4–8

EN

This paper argues that experience in Chile demonstrates (a) problems with fully-funded defined-contribution individual accounts that were both predictable and predicted, and (b) a mostly rational evolutionary approach to addressing those problems. Section 2 briefly outlines the 1981 system and its problems. Section 3 discusses strategic reform in 2008 which addressed some of those problems. Section 4 – the main focus of the paper – discusses the unfinished business left by the 2008 reforms and sets out the main proposals of the 2015 Bravo Commission, including its 58 specific proposals, which commanded majority support from the Commissioners, and its three very different Global Proposals, about organising and financing the system, which are highly controversial.

9

The levels of trust in the pension system: a Polish perspective

80%

Marzec M., Szczudlińska-Kanoś A.

Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace

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2018

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issue 4 (36)

141-159

EN

Public discussions on the Polish pension system clearly indicate the need for further reforms. Numerous studies show that the majority of Poles negatively assess the entire pension system and the activities of individual entities associated with it. With a low level of acceptance of the rules of the pension system and a lack of trust in it, it is difficult to count on the tendency to save citizens for the post-production period, which in the case of the ubiquitous demographic crisis seems to be a priority task for the authorities of all European Union countries. Changes to the pension system should be implemented in conditions of strengthening trust, which can be achieved, inter alia, by building trust in individual institutions, products and the entire system. The aim of the article was to analyse the levels of trust in the Polish pension system. An attempt was made to systematise the determinants shaping trust based on the analysis of Polish conditions. The article was prepared on the basis of a literature review on trust and the pension system.

10

EMERYTURA UBEZPIECZENIE, OSZCZĘDNOŚĆ CZY DYWIDENDA? ARTYKUŁ DYSKUSYJNY

80%

Holko M.

Polityka Społeczna

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2011

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vol. 38

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issue 11-12(452-453)

12-17

EN

The issue of pension system is discussed in the article. The leading thesis is as follows: social insurance are not savings or investments or tax; (intergenerational) pension insurance contract should not be converted into a loan agreement or contract of capital transfer having the characteristics of gambling, which unfortunately happened in Poland. Proving this thesis will be to demonstrate the nature and impact of capital pillar in pension system.

11

Genderové souvislosti reforem důchodového systému v ČR

80%

Dudová R.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2013

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vol. 14

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issue 2

56-66

EN

The paper discusses changes that have occurred in the Czech pension system since 1996 in terms of their gender impact. The pension system is considered in a broader socio-economic context. I take into account different working careers of men and women and their unequal share in unpaid care work. I analyse individual steps of the reform (the criteria for entitlement to a retirement pension, changes in the mechanism for calculating pension benefits, and the newly established private second pillar) and show the impact of these changes on women and men in retirement. I conclude that although the reform is presented as gender-neutral just because it maintains the same conditions for both sexes, it ultimately brings significant deterioration in women’s retirement situation as compared to men’s. An increase in the level of equivalence—and therefore the increasing dependence of the pension entitlement on previous income from paid work—means that, in the logic of the pension system, unpaid work associated particularly with childcare is valued less and less and gender inequalities in the labour market are reproduced.

12

French economy since 2008 and pension system in France

80%

Stanzel R.

Zeszyty Studenckie Wydziału Ekonomicznego „Nasze Studia”

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2015

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issue 7

249-260

EN

French population has been growing very fast since 1945, due to immigration and to natural growth. According to the demographic prospects, population will be constantly growing during the next fifty years and the part of elderly people is also going to be growing. The state has obviously to take this tendency in consideration for reforming the pension system. Economic situation has worsened in France since the start of the crisis in 2008, like in the most European countries. In the last six years, the situation on the labour market and public finances have deteriorated. Young and unskilled workers are the most vulnerable people on the labour market in France now. The pension system as it exists today in French was built progressively since World War II. The organisation of the pension system is relatively complex and is divided between basic and supplemental schemes. There were many reforms since 1945, which didn't solve the main problem of the system which is the deficit, and for this reason an increase of the retirement age seems the only possible solution.

13

Formalne i nieformalne zabezpieczenie emerytalne – postawy i oczekiwania Polaków wobec zmian demograficznych, społecznych i ekonomicznych. Kontekst europejski

80%

Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka S., Walczak D.

Studia BAS

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2022

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issue 4(72)

123-142

EN

The aim of the article is to discuss the importance of formal and informal sources of retirement security of Poles in the face of current economic, social and demographic changes. Formal sources are understood as the institutional pension security (regulated by law), while the informal source will be primarily considered to be family support (the so-called natural pension security). Following the introduction, the first section shows demographic trends in Poland and refers to pension security from the public pension system. The second section presents data sources and research methods used in the article. The third section shows the results of research on planned protection in old age. The fourth part discusses and concludes the results of the study. The research shows that not many Poles save for old age, counting on the support of the state and children.

14

TRENDS OF PENSION SYSTEMS IN EUROPE

80%

Czepulis-Rutkowska Z.

Polityka Społeczna

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2016

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vol. 43

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issue 1 (12) OLD-AGE PENSION SYSTEMS OUTSIDE EUROPE

2–3

EN

A debate on pension systems and reforms is going on in European countries for recent decades. The important factors affecting the operation of pension systems include: population aging, changes in structure of the economy, labour market activity of women and increase in globalization. The main challenges for pension systems reform are: securing the adequacy of the benefits and the financial sustainability of pension systems. The article is presenting the main trends in reforming pension systems in selected countries, Poland among them.

15

Tax Incentives in Polish Pension System

80%

Biernacki K., Dybał M.

Economic and Environmental Studies

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2017

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vol. 17

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issue 41

115-125

EN

Polish pension system has been severely changed in last years. However, it is still hard to find a purpose, for what these changes have been done. At the beginning of 1990 Polish pension system based on current payment (pass as you go system). In the end of 1998 a capital component was introduced. In the initial period of the mix system (pass as you go and capital) it was visible, that insured persons were not interested in self-building a capital for future pension payments. Due to this fact, special incentives were introduced. They were strictly associated with tax system, because these instruments introduced the possibility to minimize the tax base for those, who decided to save for own pension. This article analyses statistics dates concern these incentives and verifies the hypothesis, whether tax system shall create incentives for long-term saving plans.

XX

Zmiany w polskim systemie emerytalnym wciąż trwają i obecnie trudno dostrzec kierunek, w którym one zmierzają. Wprowadzenie z końcem lat 90-tych ubiegłego wieku elementu kapitałowego skutkowało małym zainteresowaniem do dobrowolnego oszczędzania wśród ubezpieczonych. W konsekwencji ustawodawca zaczął wprowadzać zachęty do długoterminowego oszczędzania, które opierały się wyłącznie na rozwiązaniach ściśle związanych z systemem podatkowym. Przedmiotowy artykuł analizuje dane statystyczne związane z funkcjonowaniem tych rozwiązań. Weryfikuje również hipotezę, czy system podatkowy powinien być wykorzystywany do tworzenia długoterminowych oszczędności na przyszłą emeryturę.

16

THE PENSION SYSTEM IN CANADA: A SUCCESS TO FOLLOW?

80%

Szczur M. A.

Polityka Społeczna

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2016

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vol. 43

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issue 1 (12) OLD-AGE PENSION SYSTEMS OUTSIDE EUROPE

16–25

EN

The similarity between Poland and Canada, in such aspects as are important from the point of view of the pension system (including the percentage of people at post-productive age) encourages to undertake an analysis of the possibility of transposing into Poland the solutions successfully applied in the other country. On the other hand, there are sinificant differences between the two economies, which do not allow for a simple transfer of the Canadian solutions to Poland. The paper presents the Canadian pension system, with a particular emphasis on its public part.

17

Poprawa współczynnika potencjalnego wsparcia jako element kompleksowej reformy systemu ubezpieczeń emerytalnych

70%

Liszatyński D.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 1(22)

75-86

EN

The Polish pension system, in the face of the rapid aging of Polish society, may soon turn out to be insolvent. Therefore, remedial measures are necessary to maintain its stability. The article discusses demographic forecasts concerning the Polish population that directly affect the deteriorating situation of the pension system. There are also presented solutions proposed so far to save the system, such as introducing a citizen’s pension or increasing the retirement age. Next, there are presented more comprehensive proposals of systemic reforms, related to stimulating the growth of the working-age population, as an attempt to improve the decreasing potential support ratio.

18

Wpływ zmian demograficznych na ekonomiczne zabezpieczenie starości społeczeństwa w Polsce

70%

Nietupska A.

Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia

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2015

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issue 1(3)

33-46

EN

The aim of this article is to discuss the economic consequences brought about by the ageing of the Polish society. The article emphasises the negative effects of ageing which translates into growing public expenditure. The population ageing is exemplified by the dynamic age-related changes of the social structure, and in particular by the growing numbers of the retirement age cohort. The present situation affects the stability of the public finances as it necessitates an increase in the public expenditure on social security and health care. The article also explains the positive aspects of population ageing for the Polish economy, which acts as an impulse for the growth of the new segments of goods and services market linked to the growing consumption by the elderly population. New challenges and opportunities are created by the so-called “silver economy”.

19

Prakseologiczne podejście do oceny działania systemu emerytalnego

70%

Chybalski F.

Prakseologia

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2012

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issue 152

9-24

EN

The effectiveness and the efﬁciency of the pension system is a problem that is not frequently mentioned in scientiﬁc writing, especially in its praxeological context. The objective of the article is to present the concept of the praxeological approach to assessment of the pension system. The ﬁrst part of the article presents the objectives of the pension system. In the second part the praxeological approach to the assessment of pension system is discussed. The third part includes the deﬁnition and the multidimensional characteristics of the effectiveness and efﬁciency of the pension system. In the fourth part the concept of the measurement of effectiveness and efﬁciency with the use of multidimensional statistical analysis is proposed.

20

Functional Dependence of Pension User Categories in Relation to the Total Number of the Employed / Funkcionalna Zavisnost Kategorija Korisnika Penzija u Odnosu na Ukupan Broj Zaposlenih

70%

Birovljev J., Vojinović Ž., Mirović V.

Economic Themes

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2015

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vol. 53

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issue 3

354-375

EN

When and how will one country take care of its workers who are left due to their injury, illness, death or old age without ability to care for their existence, and who contributed most of their life as tax payers. The role of the social system is just that. Social systems of intergenerational solidarity operate for decades in all European countries, regardless of their political and economic structure and level of development. Number of employees within a pension system is dependent on many factors, but it is also independent compared to the category of pensioners and possibilities of functioning of the pension system. The total number of beneficiaries directly derived from the number of employees in some earlier period, while the possibility of pension payments vary depending on the current number of workers. Some categories may behave differently in relation to the total number of employed in an economic system, but the functioning of the pension system is depending on this indicator. In Serbia, for years the number of deaths exceeded the number of births, large-scale migration of citizens, the progress of medical science as a factor of increased life expectancy of people, higher rates of unemployment, longer years of service until retirement and some other less significant factors influenced the disproportion in the number of employees in relation to the number of pensioners. This resulted in a very poor state of the pension system and caused the question of its future functioning. A social problem is getting more difficult to resolve, in quality and quantitative terms, because its main source of inflow of funds is in constant decline while expenditures are increased.

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