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1

Cenzorzy a zgromadzenia ludowe w Rzymie okresu republiki

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Tarwacka A.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 2

45-56

EN

The censor’s office was of crucial importance to the polity during the Republic, being an indispensable element of maintaining the balance. Censors were elected by the centuriate assemblies, which also voted a lex centuriata for them. As there is no doubt concerning the censorial ius contionandi, it seems that the censors never convened the comitia. It does not mean that they lacked competence: it was customary that they convoked the people only for the purpose of the lustratio ceremony ending the census. The censors’ influence on the comitia resulted from their power to decide on a citizen’s membership in a certain property class, centuria and tribus. Censorial notes enabled them to interfere with the citizen’s social status.

2

Głos ludu w archaicznej Grecji – pomiędzy Tersytesem a Hezjodem

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Ceglarska A.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 2

9-21

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the role that might have been played by people in archaic Greece, already before the full development of People’s Assemblies. Already at the time of formation of Greek poleis, the voice of this social group had an increasing importance and exerted an influence on the rulers. As an example, two earliest works of Greek culture will be presented: The Iliad of Homer and Works and Days by Hesiod. They will help realize how important for rulers were actions taken by their army, which in The Iliad represents the people, and what effects soldiers’ decisions could have. Contrasting the character of Thersites from The Iliad with the self-portrait of Hesiod in the Works and Days allows noticing how the role of people’s representatives evolved – from those deprived of an opportunity to express their opinions to individuals, who can present their own views and criticize the government. These elements enable us to observe the role of people and their influence on rulers at the first stage of development of polis, as well as how they gradually gained more and more extensive power to influence affairs of the state, which in turn led to a legally sanctioned possibilities to intervene and to the emergence of People’s Assemblies in ancient Greece.

3

Rola konsula i pretora w procesie legislacyjnym okresu republiki

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Loska E.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 2

31-44

EN

The purpose of this article is to show the key role of co-operation between magistrates and people’s assemblies in the law-making process in the Roman Republic. The paper defines also the basic concepts related to the legislation.

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3 Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

1 Ceglarska A.

1 Loska E.

1 Tarwacka A.

3 2016

Cenzorzy a zgromadzenia ludowe w Rzymie okresu republiki

Głos ludu w archaicznej Grecji – pomiędzy Tersytesem a Hezjodem

Rola konsula i pretora w procesie legislacyjnym okresu republiki