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EN
The main purpose of the article is to present an individual approach of analysing and reperforming For a Drummer by George Brecht, a legendary composer and a member of Fluxus. The text is divided into several parts. The first half of the article is dedicated to the history and definition of performance art, the second one focuses on a performer persona and their artistic abilities. The latter leads to an actual analysis of a creative process, starting with a short biographical background of Brecht, followed by reading and understanding of the event score with a culmination found in the author’s re-performance.
EN
The main purpose of the article is to present an individual approach of analysing and reperforming For a Drummer by George Brecht, a legendary composer and a member of Fluxus. The text is divided into several parts. The first half of the article is dedicated to the history and definition of performance art, the second one focuses on a performer persona and their artistic abilities. The latter leads to an actual analysis of a creative process, starting with a short biographical background of Brecht, followed by reading and understanding of the event score with a culmination found in the author’s re-performance.
EN
The article presents an analysis of selected elements of the Chorea Theatre Association play entitled Grotowski - An Attempt to Retreat. The discussion starts with the mutual relations between a series of ideas in contemporary theatrological discourse: the performance, the actor-performer and the actor-character. In the course of the argument, the categories ‘theatre of an attempt’ and ‘processual montage principle’ are introduced and used in the context of the issues involved in theatrical events and experiences. The first term refers to the contemporary theatrical practice of treating a theatre event as a sort of anthropological experiment, and the second refers to the compositional technique characteristic of this approach. The ‘theatre of an attempt’ formula, as a situation of confrontation in the tripartite structure of actor, viewer and stage-action reality, allows the anthropological dynamic of the theatre event, whose integral component is the mental activity of the spectator, to be captured. The ‘processual montage principle’ relates not only to the construction of the spectacle and the actor’s actions, but also to the attitudes and actions of the cognitive spectator, who, in participating in the theatrical process of becoming must himself attempt an imaginative reflection of this process. In conclusion, an interpretation of the play in the context of the ‘Everyman’ morality tradition is suggested.
EN
The aim of this article is a study of emotional stability in the formation of instrumentalists’ musical performing abilities, the definition of the main approaches to understanding the notion of emotional stability and justification of its significance in the work of a musician-educator, as well as highlighting possible emotional and psychological difficulties which expect the musician on his way to realization of their creative potential. It also examines and theoretically grounds perspective of emotional stability as an element of the instrumentalists’ musical performing abilities formation, which is very important in training of the future musical art teachers. The key influential factors which lead to the formation of emotional stability are identified. The main views on the notion “emotional stability” are described. The methodology of the study. In this article such methods as universal method, methods of analysis and synthesis are used. Conclusion and perspectives for a further research. We make a conclusion that emotional stability is the interplay and interpenetration of constancy and variability. Emotional stability of a musician-instrumentalist is an important feature of his professional activity, an adequate level of established attitudes, the emotional-volitional processes, behavior, moods and emotional and psychological states. Therefore, emotional stability is a prerequisite for successful and lasting implementation of a musician-instrumentalist’s professional activity. A musician’s activity requires not only continuous improvement and development of a whole special abilities’ range, but also formation of the ability to emotional stability as professionally important mental properties. Emotional stability provides emotional regulation and its correction, it is one of the levels in the mental regulation overall system. The capacity for emotional self-regulation significantly determines the formation and development of professionally musician’s personality important qualities, is a necessary component of readiness for professional activity and ensures the effectiveness of music performance and music teaching. In this connection psychological conditions that promote the formation of such skills in the future teacher-musician in the period of mastering his profession and throughout his professional activity requires a further study
PL
W artykule omówiono rodzaje problemów do rozwiązania. Przedstawiono działalność decy-zyjną opartą na strukturze systemu sterującego. Omówiono relacje zachodzące między podsystemami tego systemu: postulatorem, optymalizatorem i realizatorem. Uzasadniono konieczność zapoznania uczniów z problematyką dotyczącą podejmowania decyzji w ujęciu cybernetycznym.
EN
In the article the kinds of problems to be solved were discussed. Decision making based on a structure of a steering system was presented. The relations occurring between subsystems of that system such as: postulator, optimizer and performer. The necessity of making pupils familiar with problems connected with the issue of decision making according to the cybernetic approach, was given grounds to.
PL
Zamówienia publiczne stanowią okowę systemu dokonywania wydatków przez jednostki sektora finansów publicznych. Samo zastosowanie procedur o udzielenie zamówienia nie gwarantuje właściwego realizowania zasad efektywnego, celowego i oszczędnego wydatkowania środków publicznych. To powoduje potrzebę należytego wykorzystania dostępnych instrumentów prawnych, przy jednoczesnej intensyfikacji współpracy instytucji zamawiającej z potencjalnymi wykonawcami. Uczestnictwo wykonawców przy przygotowaniu zamówienia publicznego, gwarantuje profesjonalizację zamówienia publicznego na etapie realizacyjnym.
EN
Public procurement accounts for the chains of the system for the expenditure by the public sector entities. The mere application of procedures for the award of the contract does not guarantee the proper implementation of the principles of effective, targeted and cost-effective spending of public funds. This results in the need for proper use of the available legal instruments, while intensifying cooperation of the contracting authority with potential contractors. Participation of contractors in the preparation of a public contract, the contract guarantees the professionalization of the public at the stage of implementation.
EN
I will discuss the main strategies used by the “invisible” actors to voice the identities of the characters in ancient Greek theatre, and in Wayang Kulit, Balinese shadow puppet theatre. Of course, these two traditions are very different. A Greek actor, covered by a costume and a mask, acted directly in front of the audience and moved his whole body while voicing the character. Balinese puppet master has to act from behind the screen and he moves only his hands. The Greek actor gave voice to one mask at a time; the Balinese puppeteer produces voices of each of the many characters in the play. But there is something the Greeks and the Balinese may have in common: in both performative traditions voice seems to be separated from the physical person. I will argue that it is this separation that enhances and problematizes the construction of gender as well as stimulates the audience to emotionally participate in the performance.
PL
W artykule omawiam sposoby używania głosu do konstruowania tożsamości osoby dramatu przez „niewidzialnych” aktorów w antycznym teatrze greckim i balijskim teatrze lalki i cienia, Wayang Kulit. Tradycje te są oczywiście bardzo odmienne. Artysta grecki, ukryty pod kostiumem i maską, działał bezpośrednio na oczach olbrzymiej widowni i użyczał swój głos jednej tylko postaci. Artysta balijski siedzi po turecku oddzielony od widzów ekranem i sam jeden użycza głosu każdej lalce animowanej przez siebie w scenie. W obu tych tradycjach głos zdaje się być oddzielony od fizycznej osoby performera. Postaram się dowieść, że to oddzielenie pogłębia i problematyzuje konstrukcje płci, a zarazem stymuluje publiczność do bardziej emocjonalnego uczestniczenia w performansie.
EN
The article is based on the interaction of two genres, namely travel notes, including the author's impressions of a trip to the German cities of Halle, Bad-Lauchstedt and Bernburg, as well as reviews of modern productions of Baroque operas. Halle is famous as the birthplace of the outstanding composer Georg Friedrich Handel (1685-1759). The international Handel music festival is held here every year, which also includes an international scientific Symposium dedicated to the study of the great Saxon and his contemporaries. The concept of this year's Symposium, "Sensitive, heroic, sublime: Handel's women," was to study the female images embodied in his operas. The authors traveled to Halle as journalists to describe their impressions of both the trip and the contemporary productions of Handel's stage works. But in considering the history and cultural events of this city, we were able to go beyond ordinary observations into the sphere of scientific generalizations and come to the conclusion that the directors’ understanding of these operas through the integration of musical drama with related arts was unusually expanded. To study this phenomenon, we turned to the scientific tools developed in Russia by two Soviet researchers who have become seminal in their field. One of them was the psychologist Lev Vygotsky, who, exploring the spiritual world of the hero in fiction, revealed his psychological contradictions, expressed in the conflict of the narrative and the plot. The other, Sergei Eisenstein, who knew Vygotsky’s manuscript of his study "Psychology of Art" and, with some influence from these ideas, created his own "psychology of art", which is set out in the pages of his works of different years. The core of this concept was "the transition from the Expressive Movement to the image of a work of art... as a process of the interaction of layers of consciousness", which allowed for multiple entries into the artistic image. Such entries are also supported by some features of the cinematograph where the first among equals is the principle of intellectual editing, based on Eisenstein's montage theory. In Eisenstein's theory, other types of editing—linear, parallel, associative—have been generalized and developed into a large-scale system of the psychology of heroes in art. In this article, the identification of the essence of these processes made it possible for the authors to discern the phenomenon of increasing the meaning in the Halle directors' interpretations of Handel's operas, which arises from the merger of two seemingly irreconcilable and conflicting layers of consciousness: Baroque and eclectic modern, which developed at the turn of the last century.
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