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EN
Comprehensive research of artefacts has become the norm for modern archaeology. Archaeologist must pay attention to all aspects of the investigating problem and analyze material by means of methods from different branches of science. The Center for Underwater Archaeology of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv have been researching finds from a medieval Italian shipwreck since 1999, with a very interesting group of artefacts consisting of baselard type daggers. At the stage of interpretation, we decided to use methods which are characteristic of historical science, with a reconstruction of medieval people’s` perceptions of baselards forming the basis for it. The combination of data about the material object itself and its image (the concept of it) turned out to be useful for ensuring a clear interpretation of archaeological finds and even for the verification of some social reconstructions.
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EN
In his later writings, Tadeusz Różewicz ponders what remains of the Holocaust victims. We turn around objects that seem to overlap the personalised experience of the witnesses. All these had been additionally filtered by people’s fragmentary memory. What is a knife of Mieczysław Porębski, the gate to Auschwitz or the train? Popular culture often uses only catchword for the Holocaust, though Różewicz in his works shows the widening of the semantic field of these objects. Extermination is an experience and cannot be hit by cabinets and remain only an exhibit. The short story “Tour to the Museum” seems to be a tragic prophecy.
PL
W swoich późniejszych pismach Tadeusz Różewicz zastanawia się, co pozostało po ofiarach Holokaustu. Odwracamy przedmioty, które zdają się nakładać na spersonalizowane doświadczenie świadków. Wszystko to zostało dodatkowo przefiltrowane przez fragmentaryczną pamięć ludzi. Czym jest nóż Mieczysława Porębskiego, bramą do Auschwitz czy pociągiem? Kultura popularna często używa tylko hasła Holokaustu, choć Różewicz w swoich pracach ukazuje poszerzanie się pola znaczeniowego tych obiektów. Zagłada jest przeżyciem i nie może zostać wyłożona na półkę i pozostać jedynie eksponatem. Opowiadanie „Wycieczka do Muzeum” wydaje się być tragiczną przepowiednią.
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