Search results - CEJSH

1

Osobowościowe i społeczne źródła podatności na doświadczanie wstydu

100%

Golińska L., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2004

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vol. 08

EN

Shame is treated as a socially disturbing emotion. It appears when there is big difference between real and ideal self. The main aim is to study the relationship between susceptibility of shame experience and personality variables including sex variable. High level of shame experience among women is connected with higher level of neuroticism and lower level of conscientiousness in comparison with others. On the other hand the high level of shame experience among men is connected with the higher neuroticism, but also with extraversion. The other aim of study was to explore obtained experience obtained in the relationship with parents and connected with learning the feeling of shame. The new method (Questionnaire on the Susceptibility of Shame Experience) was used during the research.

2

Osobowościowe uwarunkowania nadużywania Internetu

100%

Ogińska-Bulik N., UŁ I. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2005

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vol. 09

EN

The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between personality factors and tendency to internet overuse and to reveal those personality variables which may allow to predict tendency to internet addiction. 126 young people, aged 18–25 (M= 22,0; SD 1,93; 58,7% – men, and 41,3% – women) participated in the study. Internet Engagement Questionnaire and NEO-FFI Inventory (Costa@MCCrae) were used in the study. Data revealed the relationship between neuroticism, openness to experience and agreeableness with internet engagement. Agreeableness and neuroticism appeared predictors of tendency to internet addiction.

3

Osobowościowe uwarunkowania procesu emancypacji osób z niepełnosprawnością wzrokową

87%

Gładyszewska-Cylulko J.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2016

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issue 12

119-133

EN

The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between personality factors and tendency to emancipation. The author focuses on the most important problems of personality of persons with visual disabilities. She wonders why do certain factors of personality encourage the process while others slow it down. The process of emancipation is complex and long-lasting but very significant not only from the perspective of people with visual disabilities, but also for all the people in a community that respect diversity.

4

Personality factors as predictors of foreign language aptitude

80%

Biedroń A.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2011

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vol. 1

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issue 4

467-489

EN

The study addresses a problem which is inadequately investigated in second language acquisition research, that is, personality predictors of foreign language aptitude. Specifically, it focuses on the Five Factor model which includes Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism (Costa & McCrae, 1992) as traits differentiating gifted and nongifted foreign language learners and predicting results of foreign language aptitude tests. Although contemporary researchers generally agree that affect is an important variable in second language acquisition, most empirical studies demonstrate that personality factors are weakly correlated with cognitive abilities and that their contribution to the ultimate attainment is minor (cf. Robinson & Ellis, 2008). On the other hand, these factors constitute an integral part of cognitive ability development (cf. Dörnyei, 2009); therefore, neglecting them in research on foreign language aptitude would be unjustified. The following study is an attempt to analyze the Five Factors in two groups of learners: gifted and nongifted. In order to answer the question as to which and to what extent personality factors have a predictive effect on foreign language aptitude, the results were subjected to a multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study are presented and discussed in a wider context of research on cognitive abilities.

5

РОЛЬ ПСИХІЧНОГО СТАНУ В ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ-СПОРТСМЕНІВ

80%

Титович А.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2015

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issue 6(50)

312-320

EN

The main task of professional training in any kind of human activity including sport is forming a psychological state of readiness to assimilate knowledge, skills and habits. It is especially significant to do intense kinds of activity. Important fact is that the human’s success in such kinds of activity is possible only in achieving the optimal level of professionally important psychological states. And these states might be experienced by a person and be realized and evaluated as actual (or essential) at the moment given. According to the dialectical material understanding of determinism in psychology, influences from outside cause one or another psychological effect not immediately but with the help of inner conditions. The most important component of these inner conditions is the subject’s psychological state, which characterizes it at the moment given and affects the course of psychological proceeds. In the article the definition of hierarchical substructure of psychological state which is important not only in theory but also in methodology, because it underlines the necessity of complex approach of exploring this phenomenon is analyzed. Between the activity and state there is a dialectical connection: conditions and importance of activity determine the features of the state which affects the efficiency of the activity. That is why the problem of interconnection of the activity and the state takes an important place in studies of the overall psychological plan and also in psychological researches, directed at the need of military, work and sports activity. Despite these and other non-mentioned researches, it can be said that the problem of psychological states that occur during the human activity and define its efficiency in many cases is still unsolved. The research, even in the general sense, of the problem of psychological states that arise during the trainings of sportsmen is still not an object of systematical research though it is important enough for a sport practice and for psychology as a science.

6

WHO WILL WIN THE COMPETITION? PERSONALITY, STRATEGY AND SUCCESS IN A COMPETITIVE GAME

80%

Czibor A., Bereczkei T.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2010

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vol. 65

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issue 1

165-182

EN

From the evolutional perspective, goods gained in the competition can increase the individual’s prospect for surviving and mating, resulting in a higher genetic representation in the next generations. Our aim was to investigate how personality characteristics influence the benefits earned from and strategies applied to a competitive game that was played for real money. In the experimental settings university students played the Public Goods game, transformed to a competitive situation. We used Temperament and Character Inventory by Cloninger, and the Mach IV. Test in order to obtain information about the subjects’ personality and character profiles and their level of Machiavellianism. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment participants reported the main motives underlying their decisions during the game which enabled us to classify them as “individually-oriented” and “prosocially-oriented” players. Significant difference was found between the female and male participants in the amount of benefit they gained: the women’s contribution to the public goods was significantly higher, therefore they earned less money, than men did. The amount of benefit negatively correlated with Reward Dependence and Persistence. Finally, significant differences were revealed between individually-oriented and prosocially-oriented players in the strategy they played, and the amount of benefit they gained.

7

Locus of control and culture of poverty. An appraisal of Lawrence M. Mead’s ideas in ‘Culture and Poverty’

80%

Oppong S.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 25

226-234

EN

Lawrence M. Mead presented an interesting argument as to why poverty exists in the United States. He problematizes the culture of the poor of which ethnic minorities over-represent. By referring to the geographic regions from which these ethnic minorities came from, he globalised the question of poverty in the US. This invites a global policy debate rather than a US-centric policy debate. Indeed, Mead so freely made references to Africa and the African culture severally throughout his commentary. It is against this backdrop that I show that Mead was right to a large extent on the question of inner-driven individualised orientation. However, he overestimates its influence and misreads what culture is. He presented the culture of poverty as the antecedent of poverty. It was concluded that manipulating both internal drive (internal locus of control) and the structure of society is a more effective way to tackle poverty.

8

ЕСТЕТИЧНЕ ВИХОВАННЯ ОСОБИСТОСТІ:ВІД СОКРАТА ДО ДАТТОНА

80%

Леонід О., Іван Н., Жанна Я.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2017

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issue 3(67)

235-246

EN

This article provides a historical overview of aesthetics as a science, which showed that methodological problems of aesthetic education of the younger generation in modern society has an important place in philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, art, culture and others. The development of aesthetics is a direct reflection of the evolution of society. Studying the genesis, functioning in a society of aesthetic theories and beliefs, the history of aesthetics gives the necessary background for understanding the theoretical problems of aesthetic education. The dialectical method of cognition is known, it involves the unity of historical and theoretical approaches to the analysis of any phenomenon, so the problem of aesthetic education research carried out in the context of the evolution of the main aesthetic doctrines. Methodological problems of aesthetic education of the younger generation in modern society are investigated. Analysis of the literature confirms that aesthetic education depends, first, on the social and cultural environment, and secondly, is determined by psychophysiological and general development of the child. Therefore, aesthetic education is determined by natural talent, is spontaneously formed in a socio-cultural and educational environment; it determines life, artistic and aesthetic experience and it is updated through targeted educational influence. Thus, the conceptual basis of modern foreign research is orientation on upbringing of an individual with a stable aesthetic worldview based on human values and priorities. On the other hand, unbiased analysis shows that the views of scientists on this important issue are ambiguous and constitute a mosaic picture on the level of theoretical and empirical considerations and need further research. The study used the following methods: analysis of philosophical, historical, art, psychological and educational literature of the study; comparison, generalization and systematization of scientific-theoretical information on the problem of aesthetic education of the individual.

9

Personality development and self-realization as an essence of security in an individual and social dimension

80%

Piwowarski J., Stanek L.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2015

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vol. 17(17)

159-170

EN

A human being functions in a contemporary reality, which is marked by an uncertainty, a risk and concerns about fundamental values, an ambivalence and an axiological relativism. Therefore, people can feel decrease in their sense of security in both personal and social dimensions. Due to the issues discussed in this paper it is important to acknowledge a security as a process, which is changing and evolving. Since an action and development are included in achieving optimal security, the impact of personality and as a further consequence one of the most dominant human need i.e. self-realization should also be included. If a human being has well-formed need for creating themselves, they function as a creator, or at least a co-creator of their own development and security.

10

Psychosocial work dimensions, personality, and body mass index: Sex differences

80%

Blanch A., Aluja A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 4

572-580

EN

Objectives: The association between psychosocial work dimensions (i.e. demand and control) and obesity has been found to be inconclusive, indicating that individual differences factors might also contribute to explain the variability in BMI. Materials and Methods: The interaction between work dimensions and personality variables in a group of male and female workers (N = 506), and its associations with BMI were analyzed with a cross-sectional study with self-report data. Hierarhical regression analyses were used to predict the BMI levels from work and individual differences variables and their interactions for males and females. Results: The main effects of personality variables were not significant, physical workload interacted with neuroticism for males, whereas control interacted with activity for females. Conclusions: Psychosocial work dimensions and personality traits were related to BMI for men and women. These outcomes reinforce the notion that different models might account for the explanatory mechanisms of BMI in regard to sex.

11

Формирование готовности личности к самообразованию и самостоятельной работе в процессе обучения

80%

Е.А Щуров, И.М. Батрасова И. М.

Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 1(28)

111-118

EN

At the present stage, the educational institutions are faced with the task of training a broad-based specialist who strives purposefully to independently deepen and expand his knowledge. In this regard, it becomes an actual problem - the formation of readiness of students for self-education. The importance of the problem is determined by the orientation of the education system to create the conditions for maximizing the opportunities of each individual, for his professional self-development, having his own unique style of activity, developed legal self-consciousness, spiritual and creative potential, the focus on constant self-development through self-education.

12

Resilience versus "resilientní jedinec": co vlastně zkoumáme?

80%

Novotný J. S.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 1

3-14

EN

The nature and definition of resilience, despite the extensive 40 years of research, is still unclear. Currently is resilience seen as a personality trait, sum of the traits/factors, result of adaptation, or as a process. The concept of resilience as personality traits is usually tied to uni-dimensional or "simplex" theories of resistance as Hardiness, Sense of Control, Ego-Resiliency, Self-efficacy, Sense of Coherence, or specific personality traits. Multidimensional concepts see resilience as a complex of personality and social (environmental) factors that work in interaction, complement or replace each other, and, in aggregate, create a comprehensive picture of resilience. The concept of resilience as the result of adaptation examines resilience in terms of the presence/absence of adverse/pathological manifestations, consequences and outcomes in relation to the earlier effect of stressful, risky or otherwise unfavorable situations. Finally, the concept of resilience as the process examines individual's response to risk factors or wounds that are present in the environment. Resilience is thus a process consisting of interactions between individual characteristics and the environment. Most experts and a large part of resilience research is based on the first three concepts that however explore how "resilient" the individual is rather than resilience itself, since they are based on "diagnosing" or at best dimensional, at worse dichotomous rating of the individual's resilience (within personality trait approach), or on the evaluation of the presence/absence of factors/source of resilience, thereby they are still holding the "diagnostic" approach (within multidimensional approach). Only the examination of processes, such as the ongoing interaction between these risk factors, resilience factors, outcomes (expressions of personality, behavior, presence of problems, etc.) and other variables allows us to understand resilience (the true nature of how resilience takes place). In other words, research on interactions between trait factors (e.g. self-esteem), relational factors (e.g. relationship networks), the risks and outcomes is important for understanding HOW and WHEN resilience acts.

13

Post-traumatic disorders as a consequence of the disaster

80%

Zawadzki B., Strelau J.

Nauka

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2008

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issue 2

EN

The paper discusses the post-traumatic disorders as the consequence of disaster, their course and determinants. As an illustration, the summary of the results of the Polish studies on flood survivors, conducted in 1999-2007, was presented. The studies were focused on the identification of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), assessed in several groups of victims in the early (about three months) and late phase (from one to years) after the flood. The findings indicate that PTSD is a multi-causal phenomenon with many risk factors, preceding the flood and operating during the trauma and in the post-traumatic period, which result in arousing and maintaining in time PTSD symptoms. The main conclusion of Polish studies on flood survivors underlines the eminent role of personality traits, including temperament, as well as within-family factors influencing PTSD.

14

Kresba ľudskej postavy - interpretačné paradigmy

80%

Jurovatý P., Démuthová S.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2022

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vol. 66

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issue 1

46-58

EN

Human figure drawing test as a psychodiagnos-tic method has been used for almost 100 years. During this period it has gained its supporters and opponents. The human figure drawing test can be approached in several ways that have his-torically developed. The aim of this work is to present interpretative paradigms (complex eval-uation systems), which have different theoretical backrounds as well as ways of interpreting the results. Each of the approaches – performance based, projective, global, dynamic and typologi-cal – is presented by the main representatives, by the basic ideas behind their origin, manners of evaluation, but also by critical evaluation based on researches – pointing to perspectives and limits.

15

Osobnost a aktivní životní styl seniorů ve věku 65-75 let

80%

Hátlová B., Fleischmann O., Chytrý V.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2017

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vol. 8

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issue 1

41 - 53

EN

Research problem In the years 2007 to 2014 we conducted an individual study of seniors. This article presents you with an overview of personality factors of seniors aged 65-75 years. We discuss the issue of the relationship between personality factors seniors 65-75 years by NEO FiveFactor Inventory (Costa, PT & McCraee, RR: 1992, Czech standardization Hřebíčková & Urbánek, 2001) and active lifestyle. METHODOLOGICAL FRAME: Method: NEO fivefactor personality inventory (NEO-FFI). The most important dimensions, form the five-factors personality structure Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Friendliness and Consciousness, which was named Big Five by Goldberg (Goldberg, 1993). Within the Czech Republicis a standardized psycho-diagnostic method of the NEO five-factor personality inventory Hřebičkova, M. & Urbanek,T., Testcentrum, Prague 2001 1st edition. In the entire group of probands, statistically significant relations between sexes are found. Study organization The study group consisted of 600 seniors; 200 men and 400 women ranging in age from 65 to 75 who were not diagnosed with dementia. The selection of people was determined by their will to testify. This was reflected in the number of probands. The groups the study was focused on: a) Students of the University of the Third Age, J.E.Purkyně University Ústi nad Labem, Czech Republic. b) Seniors who regularly attend organized physical activity lessons. c) Seniors who do not regularly attend any organized activity lessons. Results of experiment and discussion Groups of probands were evaluated separately in view of sex due to different life experiences and roles. The study suggests that seniors who had been in a previous life accustomed to live actively in relatively stable social peer group, have a higher tendency to actively participate in your present life, compared with other groups of seniors. They, through their active lifestyle faced not only with health, but also social problems of old age. With an overall increasing level of insecurity experienced by increasing their level of closeness and willingness to testify. Living situations of men and women in this age varies considerably. Groups of probands were evaluated separately in view of sex due to different life experiences and roles. Limiting factors of the study is that probands participated in the research on its own accord - not ensured sociological experiment purity and serenity group sizes.

16

Being a Person and Acting as a Person

80%

Hołub G.

Forum Philosophicum

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2008

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vol. 13

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issue 2

267-282

EN

The article is primarily concerned with the ambiguities which surround the concept of the person. According to the philosophical tradition taking its roots from Locke's definition, personhood depends on consciousness. Therefore, “personhood” can be ascribed to different entities, and only these entities acquire a moral standing. This can entail that a human being may or may not be considered as a person, as well as higher animals and even artificial machines. Everything depends on manifest personal characteristics. In order to sort out different meanings ascribed to “person,” I distinguish between being a person and acting as a person. Then, I show that a human being is a paradigm of the person and his being always precedes his acting.

17

Cloninger’s Psychobiological Model of Personality and Strelau’s Regulative Theory of Temperament – analysis of their associations in a Polish sample

80%

Hornowska E.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2011

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vol. 42

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issue 2

71-80

EN

The present study explores the relationship between Cloninger scales and Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT ) traits. Cloninger's psychobiological model identifies four dimensions of temperament (Novelty seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence and Persistence) and three dimensions of character (Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence). RTT proposes the traits of Briskness, Perseveration, Sensory Sensitivity, Emotional Reactivity, Endurance and Activity as the basic dimensions underlying individual differences. The relationships between the dimensions of Cloninger's Temperament and Character and Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament are investigated in a sample of 282 participants. Data analysis demonstrated some significant correlations between the two models. The strongest associations were found between the dimension of Harm Avoidance from Cloninger’s concept and Strelau’s RTT traits (positive correlations from r = .73 for Emotional Reactivity to r = .48 for Perseveration, and negative correlations from r = -.57 for Endurance to r = -.51 for Briskness). However, there is not enough evidence to suggest that the two models offer an alternative way of explaining individual differences. According to RTT, temperamental traits are expressed in formal characteristics of behavior (energetic and temporal) and every kind of behavior (irrespective of its content) can be described in the same formal categories. In the Psychobiological Model of Personality the traits are characterized rather by the content or goals of behavior. In this model, in addition to underlining the biological variation of heritable traits, the social, cultural and phenotypical levels of behavior are reflected.

18

Correlation Between Leadership Effectiveness and Personality Preferences at a Hungarian Independent Financial Advisor Company

80%

Mészáros A., Budavári-Takács I.

Practice and Theory in Systems of Education

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2016

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vol. 11

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issue 1

62-70

EN

The main focus of our research is to study, with the help of the dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (hereinafter: MBTI) the personality preferences of those leaders at the financial advisor company who are successful already. In the present study first we introduce the preferences of MBTI. Then we go on to define our hypothesis regarding the typical preferences of the leaders, focusing on the main leadership tasks of the company.

19

Osobowość pacjentek z cukrzycą typu 2

80%

Kocemba I., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2003

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vol. 07

EN

The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between personality of 66 healthy women and 66 women with type 2 diabetes. The average age of both groups was 63. I use the 16th Personality Factors Test by Cattell. A lower level of intelligence characterizes the personality of a diabetic, they are more submissive, effusive and responsible. They are calmer and more practical in their behavior. Healthy women are more self-sufficient and unconventional.

20

Osobnosť a hodnotová orientácia darcov krvi

80%

Hruščová E., Kačmárová M.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2015

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vol. 6

|

issue 1

17-31

EN

This study was focused on research of the personality and value orientation of blood donors. The aim of this work was placed to verify the relation between selected predictors (personality factors – extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, value orientation – power, success, benevolence, universalism, the belief in the existence of force majeure, education) and blood donation. In the hypotheses we assumed that predictors of agreeableness, conscientiousness, benevolence, universalism, the belief in the existence of force majeure and education will have a significant positive relation to the criterion - blood donation and predictors of extraversion, neuroticism, power, and success will have a significant, on the other hand, negative relation to blood donation. 302 respondents participated in the survey - 151 blood donors and 151 non-donors. A demographic questionnaire for blood donors and non-donors, questionnaire of value orientation PVQ 40 and personality inventory NEO-FFI were used as research tools. In order to verify the main aim of this work (if predictors are related to the criterion - blood donation) was used binary logistic regression analysis, the method of Forward Stepwise (Likelihood Ratio). The intentions to donate blood, in step 2, significantly predicted only neuroticism and education (Chi-square = 12,508, df = 2, p = .002). In other words, the person with lower score in neuroticism will have a higher intention to donate blood and people with higher education have higher intentions of blood donation. In order to offer more comprehensive view of the topic, we would like to point out the motives of blood donors for their first blood donation and the reasons why non-donors never become a blood donors. The results of research has shown that the motives: helping others; my friends/siblings/parents are blood donors; and appeal of the National Transfusion Service of the Slovak Republic or the Slovak Red Cross, are those, which motivate individuals for the first blood donation the most. The most often mentioned obstacles by non-donors were: a fear of needles and pain; fear of blood and the sight of blood; laziness; and lack of time. The results of our research are in accord with results of Bednall´s and Bove´s (2011) and Sojka´s and Sojka´s research. The results of research confirmed statistically significant negative relation of predictor neuroticism to criterion blood donation and positive relation of predictor education to criterion blood donation. The results of our research are consistent with the findings of Booth-Kewley and Vickers (in Ferguson, 2004), who claim that the individuals with lower score in neuroticism prefer salubrious behaviour (which blood donation belongs to). The results of our research are in agreement with the results of Bekker´s research (2006), in which he also confirmed that individuals who have reached higher level of education will tend to become blood donors more likely than individuals with lower level of education. The hypothesis, which predicted statistically significant relation of predictors: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, power, success, benevolence, universalism and belief in the existence of force majeure to donate blood, were not confirmed. This results are not in agreement with the results of Ferguson´s (2004); Bekkers´s (2006); Balliet´s et al. (2008); Hitlin´s (2003) research. The results of this research are sounding this issue and are applicable on the sample of research without possibility of generalization to the whole population. We propose to continue in research of issue of blood donation and to verify acquired findings on representative sample.

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