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Some European roots of the personality cult phenomenon – the attempt of comparative approach

100%
Żyromski M.
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
|
2019
|
issue 13
7-29
PL
Zadaniem niniejszego artykułu jest próba podejścia porównawczego do zjawiska kultu jednostki, które stanowiło cechę charakterystyczną trzech systemów politycznych o charakterze totalitarnym, które rozwinęły się w Europie po pierwszej wojnie światowej, a mianowicie Włochy pod rządami Benito Mussoliniego, nazistowska Trzecia Rzesza oraz stalinowski Związek Radziecki. Stąd też po ogólnej prezentacji zjawiska kultu jednostki w tych trzech systemach politycznych o charakterze totalitarnym, dokonano analizy czterech kwestii. A mianowicie: tak zwane „produkty kultu”, metody używane w propagandzie kultu jednostki, funkcje kultu jednostki oraz postawy samych totalitarnych przywódców w stosunku do kultu jednostki skoncentrowanego na ich osobach.
EN
The aim of this article is an attempt of comparative approach to the personality cult phenomenon, which formed the distinctive feature of three totalitarian political systems developed in Europe after the first world war, namely Italy during the rule of Benito Mussolini, Nazi Third Reich and the Stalinist Soviet Union. And so, after some general presentation of personality cults centered on three leaders of these totalitarian political systems, four general questions had been analyzed. These were as follows: some so-called “cult products”, some methods used in the cult’s propaganda, some functions of the cult of personality and finally some attitudes of totalitarian political leaders toward the cult of personality.
2
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„O wielkości, mądrym przywództwie i wielkiej osobowości Drogiego Przywódcy” – kilka uwag dotyczących uwarunkowań systemu politycznego Koreańskiej Republiki Ludowo-Demokratycznej

85%
Benken P.
Acta Politica Polonica
|
2017
|
vol. 39
|
issue 1
79-89
EN
The subject of this article is to present selected aspects concerning cultural and historical determinants of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s political system. Amongst everything else, it describes the great importance of the Kims personality cult (including the ‘Great Leader’ theory) and the Juche (self-reliance) ideology to the Communist regime that have not developed in cultural emptiness but adopted to the so-called ‘local specificity’.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wybranych aspektów dotyczących historyczno-kulturalnych uwarunkowań systemu politycznego Koreańskiej Republiki Ludowo-Demokratycznej. Opisano w nim m.in. wielkie znaczenie kultu jednostki (w tym teorii wielkiego wodza) oraz ideologii dżucze (niezależność) dla reżymu komunistycznego, który nie rozwijał się w kulturalnej próżni, lecz przystosował do tzw. lokalnej specyfiki.
3
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Rosyjski mit władzy a kult jednostki

74%
Kowalska M.
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
|
2013
|
issue 5
EN
The considerations in this paper focus upon the Russian idea of which consequence and extension is mythology of the Soviet times. We refer to the myths of tsarist Russia and to a specific relation to the authorities in Russia. The main theme of this paper concerns mythology of the Soviet times, especially one of its elements namely, the myth of power. The attention has been shifted to the history of personality cult, which revolved around Joseph Stalin. The position of the leader in the Stalinist soviet state can be conditioned by a relation to the authorities of which origin may be traced back to pre-revolutionary times. In the summary, an attempt has been made to unmask the myth of the leader on the basis of selected works from the circle of Russian samizdat literature.
4
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Jak zostać bogiem?

74%
Milewska M.
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
|
2013
|
issue 5
EN
Sanctity is the very essence of political power, which needs its own rituals, myths, and symbols. This sacred nimbus confirms the authority of the ruler, making it unusual, mysterious and – as a result – untouchable. Religion is also the main source of the legitimacy of power, changing rulers into the sons of gods or at least kings „by the grace of God”. The twentieth century brought a new phenomenon: totalitarian personality cult, which is based on archaic beliefs and myths concerning power. Personality cult was a kind of charismatic power described by Max Weber, who considered charisma as strictly personal supernatural gifts of a new ruler. This article focuses on efforts made by the twentieth century dictators in order to create an artificial charisma and to become a living (and ruling) god.
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