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Myśl personalistyczna w rosyjskiej filozofii religijnej

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Gorban R.
Roczniki Teologii Dogmatycznej
|
2010
|
vol. 2
157-171
EN
The idea of personalism is present in the pre-Soviet Russian philosophical and theological thought. There were eminent philosophers who played meaningful roles in its development. The question about the relationship between God and man was important for them, and it is from this perspective that they treated man’s relationship to the whole reality created by God, and the interpersonal relationship. The most important question here remained the problem of man himself, who he is, what his place is among other beings, what tasks there are for him, and where he tends. In this knowledge of his own and the world’s reality the human person was a separate mystery. In his considerations each Russian thinker presented his own vision of the human person, creating thereby the Russian personalistic direction, or even the Russian school of personalism. The following thinkers played a great role here: Berdiaev, Shestov, Karsavin, Losski, and others.
2

Filozoficzno-religijna koncepcja personalizmu egzystencjalnego M. Bierdiajewa

100%
Gorban R.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 2: Teologia dogmatyczna
227-239
EN
M. Berdiaev's personalism is characterized by sequence of thought and systematization of the latter. Because of that one can literally name him a personalist. He believes that a man’s personality is in the core of the reality, is the central existence and absolute value. It is in the in the embryo state. It is not given as clear, full, perfect nature, but underlies a man for the further development and realization. It creates the person's backbone and essence. Complete formation and development of a man as a personality is only possible beyond the boundaries of the established reality, system and history, as they do not give a chance of absolute realization of a person in view of their determination. Freedom and spiritual being are essential for a person. They guide its way towards spiritual immaterial world, ultimately to the Lord as a Perfect Entity.
PL
Personalizm M. Bierdiajewa cechuje konsekwencja myśli oraz jej systematyzacja, co pozwala nazwać go personalistą w dosłownym znaczeniu. Osoba dla niego znajduje się w centrum całej rzeczywistości, jest bytem centralnym i wartością absolutną. Znajduje się w stanie zadatku lub zalążka, czyli nie jest dana w czystej, pełnej, doskonałej postaci, ale jest zadana do spełnienia i realizacji. Tworzy rdzeń i istotę człowieka. Pełna realizacja i spełnienie człowieka jako osoby jest możliwe tylko poza ramami ustanowionej rzeczywistości, ustroju i historii, gdyż nie dają one możliwości do absolutnego spełnienia osoby ze względu na ich determinację. Istotą osoby ludzkiej jest wolność (ros. свобода) oraz byt duchowy, a stąd jej ukierunkowanie na świat duchowy, pozamaterialny, ostatecznie na Boga jako Byt doskonały.
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