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Stability of Phonetic Features of Czech Plosives in Spontaneous Speech

100%
Machač P., Skarnitzl R.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2020
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vol. 11
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issue 2
16-36
EN
This study examines speech reductions in the spontaneous Czech of six young adult speakers. Specifically, intervocalic plosives are analysed from the perspective of phonetic features, with the aim to discover these features’ relative stability. Auditory analysis was used to determine the realisation types of plosives, and these types were then verified by acoustic analyses of duration, intensity range, harmonicity, and voicing profile. The results show that phonologically voiced plosives undergo reduction processes more (40%), with semi-vocalised realisation being the most frequent, while voiceless plosives are reduced less often (20%), with fricative-like realisation being the most frequent reduction. The least stable phonetic feature of Czech plosives is thus closure, as confirmed by all the analysed acoustic parameters.
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Parallel articulation: the phonetic base and the phonological potentiality

100%
Machač P., Zíková M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2015
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vol. 76
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issue 1
3-21
EN
This paper deals with the perceptual salience and intelligibility of reduced segments, both vowels and consonants, in casual Czech. It focuses on a specific type of reduction in which two neighboring sounds (e.g. a VC sequence) are pronounced simultaneously, thereby giving rise to an alternative segment which does not occur in standard Czech phonology, e.g. a nasalized vowel. These segments constitute a category of parallel articulation as phonetic features of both of the segments are realized at the same time. We hypothesize that parallel-articulated segments, despite having originated as a consequence of purely phonetic processes, do in fact act distinctively in the context of casual speech. For this purpose, an experiment was designed in which the target segments were used in sentence pairs differing only in the parallel-articulated item, and the capability of listeners to identify the intended meaning of each sentence was tested. It showed that listeners do in fact treat the target segments as distinctive which suggests that these sounds might function as phonologically autonomous segments in the everyday communication of Czech speakers. In addition, an important role in the segment identification is also to be assigned to non-phonetic factors, such as the frequency and expectability of a particular word.
3
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Polish-accented English in prominent Polish politicians: the case of Donald Tusk

86%
Mizak M.
Facta Simonidis
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2017
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vol. 10
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issue 1
231-242
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest egzemplifikacja wybranych, spółgłoskowych cech polskiej angielszczyzny zebranych na podstawie wywiadu przeprowadzonego z czołowym polskim politykiem – Donaldem Tuskiem. W artykule przedstawiono takie cechy polskiej angielszczyzny jak np. ubezdźwięcznianie końcowych spółgłosek, wymawianie spółgłosek zwartych miękkopodniebiennych po /ŋ/, brak /r/ łączącego czy zastąpienia angielskich dźwięków dźwiękami polskimi. Artykuł zamykają uwagi końcowe podsumowujące jego treść oraz podające propozycje dalszych badań w obrębie polskiej angielszczyzny.
EN
The aim of this paper is to provide an exemplification of selected, consonantal features of Polish-accented English on the basis of a biographical interview conducted with a prominent Polish politician, Donald Tusk. Typical examples of Polish-accented English, such as final obstruent devoicing, plosive insertion after /ŋ/, lack of linking /r/ or various sound substitutions, are presented in the paper. The paper finishes with concluding remarks which briefly recapitulate its main points and suggest further analyses within the field of Polish-accented English.
4
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Polish-accented English in prominent Polish politicians: the case of Donald Tusk

86%
Mizak M.
Facta Simonidis
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2017
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issue 10
229-240
EN
The aim of this paper is to provide an exemplification of selected, consonantal features of Polish-accented English on the basis of a biographical interview conducted with a prominent Polish politician, Donald Tusk. Typical examples of Polish-accented English, such as final obstruent devoicing, plosive insertion after /ŋ/, lack of linking /r/ or various sound substitutions, are presented in the paper. The paper finishes with concluding remarks which briefly recapitulate its main points and suggest further analyses within the field of Polish-accented English.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest egzemplifikacja wybranych, spółgłoskowych cech polskiej angielszczyzny zebranych na podstawie wywiadu przeprowadzonego z czołowym polskim politykiem – Donaldem Tuskiem. W artykule przedstawiono takie cechy polskiej angielszczyzny jak np. ubezdźwięcznianie końcowych spółgłosek, wymawianie spółgłosek zwartych miękkopodniebiennych po /ŋ/, brak /r/ łączącego czy zastąpienia angielskich dźwięków dźwiękami polskimi. Artykuł zamykają uwagi końcowe podsumowujące jego treść oraz podające propozycje dalszych badań w obrębie polskiej angielszczyzny.
5
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Фонетичні особливості казок ХІХ ст. з Поділля

86%
Kowałenko B.
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia
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2015
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vol. 3
47-55
PL
In the article it is shown that folklore and ethnographic records are an important source of historical research into Podillya dialects. S. Rudanskiy, K. Sheykovskiy, A. Kopitskiy, A. Dyminskiy, Marko Vovchok and O. Markovych played an important role in researching oral folk art. The author of the research analysed the texts of Ukrainian fairytales, which were recorded in the Podillya region in the middle of the 19th century by A. Dyminskiy and S. Rudanskiy, and composed by M. Levchenko. The texts of these fairytales fi x a great number of Podillian phonetical features, which still exist even now and which demonstrate the remoteness and vitality of these dialects. It has been proved that only authentic texts can serve as a valuable and reliable source for linguistic study of the dynamic Podillyan people’s dialect.
6
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Fonetické redukce a vyjadřování jistotních postojů v insubordinačních strukturách

72%
Machač P., Fried M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2021
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vol. 103
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issue 1
7-35
EN
The study tests the hypothesis that phonetic reductions in spontaneous interaction contribute interpretive clues which aid in assigning different meanings to an ostensibly single grammatical pattern. We focus on two variants of insubordinate clauses introduced by jestli ‘if/whether’, each associated with a specific evidential meaning, as attested in the corpus of conversational Czech (Ortofon): a speaker’s uncertainty about the truth of a given proposition vs. a speaker’s certainty that the proposition is invalid. Using phonetic feature analysis of the relevant words (jestli; nevím), we establish the degree of reduction by combining a word reduction rate with the number of segments and syllables that are actually pronounced. The analysis reflects a relationship between the degree of reduction and the functional split: highly reduced instances signal the interpretation of a speaker’s uncertainty, while low reductions signal negative certainty. These findings also suggest broader methodological and theoretical consequences, including the issue of adequate, multi-layered representational models of spontaneously produced language.
7
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Rysy cizineckého přízvuku ve španělštině českých mluvčích

58%
Černikovská Š., Čermák P.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2016
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vol. 98
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issue 1
77-91
EN
The paper focuses on some of the “foreign” phonetic features of L2 Spanish as spoken by Czechs. It presents a qualitative analysis of L2 Spanish production followed by a perception experiment, in which advanced Spanish-speaking Czech listeners reacted to specifically modified items in nonsuggestive contexts. The most salient phenomena in Spanish pronunciation that cause confusion in Czech speakers include r-sounds /ɾ/ and /r/, the position of word-stress and the realization of vowels between two subsequent lexical items. The study shows that these features, having no relevant equivalents in Czech, seem to be relatively problematic for Czech speakers of Spanish. The perception experiment, however, did not confirm that differences in these properties would be relevant for Czech speakers, either on the segmental, or the suprasegmental level (the word-stress). On the other hand, it did demonstrate a difference between the perception of Spanish native and non-native speech, significantly slower reaction times and more variability being associated with the L2 Spanish speakers.
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