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Adaptacja i porozumienie. Komunikacja dwujęzyczna w Europie Środkowej

100%
Hofmański W.
Slavia Occidentalis
|
2018
|
issue 75/1
29-40
EN
Depending on the selected theoretical concept, Central Europe is a melting pot of several or over a dozen linguistic cultures which constantly interacted in the process of historical development. In this multi-national landscape, the presence of Slavs (Czechs, Poles, Slovaks as well as Lusatians, Kashubians or Lemkos) has been a constant element. The speakers have used two languages in a single act of communication which is a phenomenon of its own. This understanding is a tempting area of linguistic research. This text is dedicated to bilingual communication of Slavs with special emphasis placed on the processes of adaptation based on obtaining information from texts in written language (the seven sieves tec
PL
Depending on the selected theoretical concept, Central Europe is a melting pot of several or over a dozen linguistic cultures which constantly interacted in the process of historical development. In this multi-national landscape, the presence of Slavs (Czechs, Poles, Slovaks as well as Lusatians, Kashubians or Lemkos) has been a constant element. The speakers have used two languages in a single act of communication which is a phenomenon of its own. This understanding is a tempting area of linguistic research. This text is dedicated to bilingual communication of Slavs with special emphasis placed on the processes of adaptation based on obtaining information from texts in written language (the seven sieves technique).
2
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Non-nativized pronunciation features of loanwords: the case of nasal vowels

73%
Sklema-Litwin I.
Annales Neophilologiarum
|
2013
|
issue 7
153-173
EN
The article examines segmental and suprasegmental properties of French borrowings containing nasal vocalic segments. The occurrences of nasal vowels in the corpus of Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (Jones 2003) have been registered resulting in a stock of 380 lexical items, 271 of which display nasal (or nasalized) vowels in their first recommended pronunciation variant. The paper reviews three possible scenarios of vowel nasality adaptation: the loss of the feature resulting in unpacking, the retention of nasality involving nasalization of English vowels which substitute for their French nasal counterparts, and less frequent cases of zero assimilation of French segments. The author also argues that apart from vowel nasality French borrowings have retained other non-native characteristics, such as quantity – it is assumed that the length of the vowel segments under analysis may have been imported from French. Two arguments are raised in favour of non-nativized quantity: the stress patterns of loanwords containing long nasal (or nasalized) vowels, and the behaviour of such segments in unstressed English syllables.
XX
W artykule rozpatrywane są segmentalne i supra-segmentalne cechy francuskich zapożyczeń zawierających samogłoski nosowe. W korpusie Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (Jones 2003) występowanie samogłosek nosowych stwierdzono przeglądu trzech możliwych scenariuszy adaptacji samogłosek nosowych: (1) utraty cechy skutkującej ‘rozpakowaniem’, (2) zachowanie nosowości powodującej unosowienie samogłosek angielskich, które zastępują francuskie odpowiedniki oraz (3) rzadsze przypadki zerowej asymilacji francuskich głosek. Autorka również dowodzi, że francuskie zapożyczenia zachowały inne fonologicznie obce cechy, takie jak iloczas – zakłada się, że długość segmentów wokalicznych poddanych analizie mogła być zapożyczona z języka francuskiego. Przedstawiono dwa argumenty popierające tezę o niezasymilowanej długości: (1) rozkład akcentu wyrazowego w zapożyczeniach zawierających długie samogłoski nosowe (lub unosowione) oraz (2) zachowanie segmentów tego rodzaju w angielskich sylabach nieakcentowanych.
3
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Fonologická adaptace anglicismů v kvantitativním pohledu

73%
Duběda T.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2018
|
vol. 101
|
issue 5
245-267
EN
The article aims at describing and quantifying the phonological processes involved in the adaptation of Anglicisms to Czech. The object of the analysis is a comprehensive database of phonological forms obtained from dictionaries. The prevailing principle is phonological approximation, i.e. the perceptually motivated, systemic substitution of English phonemes by Czech phonemes, which includes, apart from one-to-one phonemic projections, phonological mergers, context-sensitive substitutions, and variant substitutions. The adaptation is based on the British phonological system, the influence of American English being only marginal. The second fundamental principle in order of importance is spelling pronunciation. The distribution of these principles and their combinations is relatively stable in the centre and at the periphery of the lexical subsystem of Anglicisms. In approximately one-fifth of the sample, the two primary principles are complemented by one or more secondary principles (analogy with English, Czech or a third language, language universals, anomalies).
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