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Methods of singlet oxygen generation and detection for understanding photodynamic processes

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Łukasz Ożog Ł., David Aebisher D.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2018
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issue 3
228-232
EN
Introduction. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic procedure that exerts selective cytotoxic activity toward malignant cells. Aim. Our goal is to present the PDT procedure which involves administration of a photosensitizing agent followed by irradiation at a wavelength corresponding to the absorbance band of the photosensitizer and energy transfer to ground state oxygen to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen Material and methods. Analysis of literature. Results. In this paper we described the basics of PDT and lifetime of singlet oxygen in different media.
2
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Naturally occurring photosensitizers and photodynamic therapy: laser or sun?

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Dynarowicz K.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|
2021
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issue 2
174-178
EN
Introduction. Our understanding of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is crucial for the applications of this treatment. In this physical phenomenon occurs light absorption by the applied photosensitizer, which results in its excitation to higher electron levels. After activation, a series of complex physicochemical processes take place in the tissues. Aim. The aim of this study was to describe the basic naturally occurring photosensitizers used in PDT techniques. This study clarified applications of photosensitizers. Material and methods. This study was used basic information about PDT reaction and the selective destruction of the tumor by photooxidation: a photosensitizer, a light source and oxygen. The papers reviewed here are based on Medline/Pub. Analysis of the literature. Photodynamic therapy is an innovative form of treatment. This method is not a commonly used therapeutic and therapeutic tool, but a supplement to many already tested and analyzed techniques. Thanks to continuous research, this method has a wider and wider range of applications in medicine. Conclusion. The data indicates increased number of papers regarding applications of PDT in medicine.
3
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Chemiluminescence-driven Dye Excitation for Dark Photodynamic Therapy

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Łukasz Ożóg Ł., Jacek Tabarkiewicz J., David Aebisher D.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2017
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issue 2
95-98
EN
Photodynamic therapy is a treatment that uses a combination of light-absorbing photosensitizers and dissolved oxygen to kill cancer. One specific limitation of photodynamic therapy is that the visible light used for photosensitizer excitation has a short tissue penetration depth of several millimeters. This limits the application of photodynamic therapy to surface cancers in the absence of a technique to illuminate deeper tissue. Efforts to extend tissue depth to which photodynamic therapy can be applied have been attempted with use of up-conversion and persistent-luminescent nanoparticles that absorb near infrared light and emit visible light for photosensitizer excitation, yet an initial excitation with an external light source is still required. More recently, systems employing chemiluminescence as an excitation energy source designed to bypass the use of external light have been developed and investigated as potential agents that could overcome the problem of achieving photodynamic therapy in deep tissue. We wish to provide an overview of several systems that have been recently reported that employ both radiative and non-radiative chemiluminescent energy transfer for photosensitizer excitation that have been developed in the hope of achieving “dark” photodynamic therapy. This article reviews several of these important new developments in the design of photodynamic therapeutic systems that utilize chemiluminescence.
4
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Effects of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy on GM-CSF, MIF, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 secretion in colorectal cancer cells in vitro

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Międzybrodzka A., Kawczyk-Krupka A., Aebisher D., Cieślar G., Czuba Z. P.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2023
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issue 2
202-216
EN
Introduction and aim. Photodynamic therapy with hypericin (HYP-PDT) is gaining importance as a potential treatment method for malignant neoplasms. The following study investigated whether HYP-PDT influences the secretion of certain factors of colon cancer cells in vitro. Material and methods. Two colon cancer cell lines were used in this experiment: SW480 and SW620. The cells were properly prepared and then treated with photodynamic therapy with hypericin at concentrations of 0.25 µM and 0.5 µM and irradiation at the doses of 1 J/cm2 , 5 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 . After using HYP-PDT, changes in the concentrations of four factors: GM-CSF, MIF, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were analyzed in the test tubes. Results. In the case of SW480 cells: a notable decrease in GM-CSF, MIF, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 secretion was noted after HYP-PDT. In the case of SW620 cells, after HYP-PDT: no effect on GM-CSF secretion was noted; it inhibited the secretion of VCAM-1 and MIF and increased the secretion of ICAM-1. Conclusion. Photodynamic therapy with hypericin shows immunomodulatory potential in an in vitro cell line experiments. This may indicate its possible ability to modify the course of malignant tumors and therefore requires further research.
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Effect of photodynamic therapy with hypericin on the secretion of selected cytokines of colorectal cancer cells tested in vitro

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Międzybrodzka A., Kawczyk-Krupka A., Aebisher D., Cieślar G., Czuba Z. P.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2023
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issue 2
194-201
EN
Introduction and aim. Photodynamic therapy is a complex process involving the introduction of photosensitizers into the patient’s body and irradiation of them in order to destroy the lesion, and activate the immune system. An important role in photodynamic therapy is played by photobiochemical and physical mechanisms that affect the tumor vessels and lead to the death of the damaged cell. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of photodynamic therapy with the use of Hypericin (Hyp) on the secretion of selected cytokines by colorectal cancer cells. Material and methods. Two colorectal cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620 were used in the study. Cells treated Hypericin were exposed to visible light. Then cell viability was determined by the MTT assay with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. Assays were performed for control samples without hypericin and light exposure, with Hyp without light exposure, without Hyp and irradiated with light, and test samples with Hyp and light exposure. Results. In the experiment we reveal, that Hyp- photodynamic activity does not influence the secretion of cytokines. Conclusion. The obtaining results confirming the destructive effect of Hyp- PDT on the colon cancer cells, show a possibility of extending the indication for photodynamic therapy using Hyp, qualification of precancerous changes.
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Singlet oxygen lifetime and diffusion measurements

80%
Łukasz Ożog Ł., David Aebisher D.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2018
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issue 2
123-126
EN
Introduction. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered to be a promising antitumor methodology due the cytotoxicity of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ). Aim. To present singlet oxygen which is highly reactive and decomposes to the ground state rapidly. Material and methods. Analysis of literature. Results. This review presents techniques to measure lifetime and diffusion of 1 O2.
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