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Ethnogenesis of Slavs as a research problem in physical anthropology

100%
Piontek J.
Nauka
|
2020
|
issue 1
EN
The main contradictions, between hypotheses posed by physical anthropologists or geneticists, and the hypotheses put forward by archaeologists or historians, regarding the origin and spread of the Slavs, concerned and still concern the following: (a) the state and biological dynamics of Slavic populations (the capacity for population expansion) , (b) diversity and biological similarity of various groups living in Central Europe at the end of antiquity and in the early Middle Ages, (c) migration movements and their intensity, (d) directions of migration and their importance in the formation of Slavic “ethnos”. On the basis of the results of anthropological research, it can be concluded that: (a) both in the late antiquity period and in the early Middle Ages, the regional diversity of the populations inhabiting the Odra and Vistula basins was maintained, (b) there was a geographical gradient in the variability of morphological features of the skull from west to east of Europe, (c) populations belonging to the Germanic population and populations living in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages clearly differed in terms of morphological features of the skeleton from the population of Western Slavs inhabiting the Odra and Vistula basin. On the other hand, the emergence of a clear geographical gradient in the variability of morphological features of the skeleton, in late antiquity and in the Middle Ages, in Central Europe, allows to conclude that there were no intense migratory movements and the population exchange between late antiquity and the early Middle (d) results of the skeletal morphological features and state and biological dynamics of the population from the Roman period and the Middle Ages indicate a similar level of adaptation of these groups of people to living conditions. This result does not confirm the thesis put forward by some archaeologists and historians that the cultural system of the Slavs was characterized by poverty and a low level of material culture.
2
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Human remains from Tomb MMA 514 in North Asasif: preliminary assessment

88%
Campbell R. A.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2018
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vol. 27(1)
195-202
EN
Since 2013 the Asasif Project has conducted excavations of several Middle Kingdom tombs in the North Asasif Necropolis under the direction of Patryk Chudzik. Located adjacent to the New Kingdom temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri in southern Egypt, these tombs were originally excavated in the early 20th century by H.E. Winlock. This article describes the results of a preliminary inventory of the human remains left behind from Winlock’s excavations of one of these tombs, MMA 514, and its associated funerary complex. This tomb was reused at least twice in antiquity after the original interment, and Winlock’s sometimes cursory (by modern standards) excavation methods have produced a highly mixed archaeological assemblage of human and faunal remains as well as archaeological artifacts from various time periods. In 2017, this author joined the Asasif Project for a very brief part of the excavation season to assess the condition and distribution of human remains from Tomb MMA 514. Although the human remains are in various stages of preservation and are highly fragmented, it is possible to identify at least nine separate individuals, ranging in age from infancy to adulthood.
3
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Der späthallstattzeitliche Grabhügel von Kriegenbrunn (Reg.Bez. Mittelfranken, Bayern)

88%
Winger K.
Studia Hercynia
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2020
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vol. 24
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issue 2
39-58
EN
The article describes the features and finds from the Hallstatt period burial mound at Erlangen -Kriegenbrunn (Germany). Hermann Hornung excavated this mound in 1930 after non -professionals had destroyed the central grave. Shortly after the excavation, Hornung published his results in two small articles. In the 1970s Bernhard Hänsel started collecting all available information about the burial mound and initiated anthropological analyses. Although Michael Hoppe had discussed the mound in his work about the Hallstatt period in Central Franconia (1986), Hänsel was convinced that it needed further investigation. Long after his retirement, he gave all his documents about Kriegenbrunn to the author in order to publish the mound again, make corrections and particularly ascertain the number of persons in the several graves at Kriegenbrunn.
4
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Human remains from the Tomb of Khety (MMA 508/TT 311) in North Asasif

88%
Campbell R. A.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2019
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vol. 28(2)
157-173
EN
The North Asasif Necropolis, adjacent to the New Kingdom temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahari, has been the subject of several excavations over the past century, first by H.E. Winlock in the early 20th century, and since 2013 by the Asasif Project. Most of the tombs in the necropolis are rock-cut tombs of honored officials dating to the Middle Kingdom. One of these officials, named Khety, was buried in a tomb designated by Winlock as MMA 508 (also known as Theban Tomb 311), though the tomb was subsequently reused for another burial (or burials) during the Third Intermediate Period. Though Winlock excavated this tomb in the early 20th century, he left much archaeological material behind, and systematic documentation of this excavation debris by the Asasif Project has yielded a wealth of information. This study focuses specifically on the human remains recovered from MMA 508 during the 2019 season. Despite the commingled nature of the MMA 508 assemblage, much information has been gleaned from the human remains. The remains of at least twenty individuals, including infants and children as well as adults, were recovered from the tomb debris. Evidence for systemic physiological stress and infection was observed in some of the remains, and both male and female individuals were identified. Various aspects of body treatment testify to the elite status of the individuals interred in this tomb. The relatively high percentage of sub-adult remains may support theories that the tombs in this part of the necropolis were sometimes used as multi-generational family tombs. Further study of the human remains from MMA 508 may shed light on burial practices from the Middle Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period.
5
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Selected secondary burials as evidence of later activities at the tomb of Khuwy at South Saqqara

75%
Vymazalová H., Hashesh Z., Gabr A., Aba Yazeed N.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2021
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issue 27
EN
In 2019, during the excavations of the Egyptian mission at the funerary complex of the Fifth Dynasty King Djedkare (reign ca. 2381–2353 BC) at South Saqqara, Mohamed Megahed and his team revealed the painted tomb of the high ranking Old Kingdom dignitary Khuwy (Megahed – Vymazalová 2019). Besides the re mains of a mummified body that were found scattered inside the burial apartment in the substructure of the tomb, several secondary burials were documented in the layers of debris covering the superstructure of Khuwy’s tomb and its near vicinity. This article presents a selection of these secondary burials, includ ing the archaeological context, associated finds and preliminary osteological investigation of the skeletal remains. The simple burials, dating between the New Kingdom and the Late Period, contained individuals of both sexes and all ages.
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