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THE EFFECT OF SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMMES ON LOW-BACK PAIN IN SCHOOLCHILDREN

100%
Rodríguez-García P. L., López-Miñarro P. A., Santonja F. M.
Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective
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2013
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vol. 2
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issue 4
43-48
XX
Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of a 32-week school physical education programme on low-back pain in elementary and secondary schoolchildren. Material and methods: Forty-one elementary school children (fifth-grade, mean age of 10.27 ± 0.31 years) and 43 secondary school adolescents (twograde, mean age of 13.46 ± 0.68 years) were assigned to the control (n = 40) or intervention group (n = 44). The intervention subjects were involved in an organised physical education programme including hamstrings stretching, endurance strength of the abdominal and lumbar muscles, and pelvic tilt during the two-weekly school physical education classes over 32 weeks. The control group was not subjected to the organized programme. Low back pain was registered and pain intensity was recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale. Results: The experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease of low back pain frequency while the control group evidenced an increase. For pain intensity no significant differences were found. Conclusion: The children and adolescents who were subjected to the school physical education programme showed a reduction of low back pain frequency, while a tendency toward the rising frequency of low back pain was detected for the control subjects.
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An aikido-based intervention supporting the therapy of a child with autism spectrum disorders – a case study

75%
Polak E., Sikora J., Rachwał M.
Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
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2019
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vol. 19
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issue 1S
67-76
EN
Background. Numerous scientific studies conducted in recent years have confirmed the positive effects of the participation of children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in therapeutic intervention programs based on traditional Chinese martial arts, karate and taekwondo. Aim. The aim of this study was to present the case of a boy with ASD and to evaluate changes in the severity of autism symptoms that were observed during the five 10-day aikido camps organized between 2013-2017. Methods. The case study method was used to present the results of observation of the boy with ASD during each aikido camp and immediately after it. The author’s own observation sheet was used to evaluate the changes in the boy’s behavior. Results. The subject took part in an aikido camp for the first time at the age of 12. He was then a child with developmental deficits in social relations, communication, and physical abilities. The exercise program based on the aikido curriculum was implemented during five camp in the form of 90-minute group classes. The gradual reduction in the severity of autism symptoms was evident both in social interactions and communication with peers. A growing involvement in physical exercise was also observed, as was better coordination and ability to perform the sequence of movements, as well as a reduction in fear of performing new motor tasks. Conclusions. The aikido-based program, which was used as an additional therapeutic intervention for one boy with ASD, helped to reduce the severity of his ASD symptoms in the areas of social relations, physical abilities and communication behaviors.
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ФІЗИЧНЕ ВИХОВАННЯ МОЛОДІ КОЗАЦЬКОЇ ДОБИ ТА УЧНІВ КОЗАЦЬКИХ КЛАСІВ СУЧАСНОЇ ШКОЛИ

63%
Лях М.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2014
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issue 7(41)
296-304
EN
This paper highlights the how ways to prepare the body to complex tests fate in military campaigns, helped by the ability to swim, row, boat control, hiding from the enemy in the reeds and the water, ride and compete on horses, skillfully wield all weapons. Much attention is focused on the systematic development of their natural instincts to improve body and mind in games, dances, group dances, wrestling. The specifics of the selection and training of Jur Host associations and the cult of physical perfection and its main provisions are considered. Attention is focused on a great physical strength, military skill and endurance of Zaporozhian officers as an educational ideal of youth of Cossack era. The examples of such strength and powerful atamans known as Ivan Bohun, Peter Sahaidachny are given. The features of the organization and providing Sich school not only literacy but also due to the preparation Jur military are displayed. The specificity of training young Cossacks is described. The use of past achievements in hardening and bringing up the pupils of modern school is highlightened. The experience of physical education of Cossack’s class pupils of Sumy Community specialized school I–III number 25 in the academic and extra-curricular activities, preparing them for defending the Motherland on the basement of Cossack pedagogy is summarized. Great significance is given to collaboration with Cossacks of Sumy International Public Organisation «Cossacks Of Zaporizhya». They try to select for Cossacks youth such kinds of activities that have military-applied orientation and are considered to be a good facility for general-physical preparation in a child’s battle so called «Lava on Lavu». The parents’ involvement is considered to be expedient to observance of safety techniques requirements and a proper order that influences well quality of upbringing, strengthening of family relations and involvement of families into a healthy-life style. The most accessible types of physical exercises are described and they improve motion activity. Additional folk dance group lessons, tourist-ecological activity, orienteering are displayed. Available importance of maintaining and folk traditions in Sich during state and religious holidays, Cossack entertainment and various activities are given. The classes with military-applied focus are standard out, help of youth preparation to strict tests adulthood, bring courage, unity and coherence of actions, promote development of power quality, motivate to exercise, promote interest to a healthy lifestyle.
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ФІЗИЧНЕ ВИХОВАННЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ АВІАФАХІВЦІВ

63%
Плачинда Т.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2015
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issue 10(54)
148-156
EN
The aim of the article is to ground the importance of physical education during aviation specialists’ professional training. The article describes the peculiarities of physical training in civil aviation. The attention is focused on the role of physical training for cadets during studying in the flight education institutions and for pilots on duty. It reveals the importance of formation of aviation specialists’ psychological and psycho-physiological readiness for professional work and career longevity. It is stressed that physical training ensures formation of physical and psycho-physiological qualities necessary for future aviation specialists’ professional activity. It highlights general and special methods of physical education, their brief characteristics are given. Physical training is divided into general and special. Different types of physical exercises are used to solve the problems of general physical training: walking, running, gymnastics, ski training, swimming, sports, tourism and others. General physical training generates overall physical qualities: stamina, speed, flexibility, strength, agility. Special physical training is aimed at developing and improving the special qualities that are needed in the future professional activity, and increasing the reliability of psychophysiological organism. Special physical training includes sports, outdoor games, special complicated games and exercises. Some exercises are athletics, gymnastics, acrobatics, ski training and swimming. Exercises on fitness equipment for flight crew are performed using special methods. It is noted that it is important for students to adopt a habit of regular physical exercises. The self-development form of physical training involves exercises, which serve special purposes under special conditions. They are provided for aviation specialists who suffer performance impairment in the professional activity. The main objective is to maintain human performance while on duty. The exercises are selected taking into account long-term reduced mobility and functional degradation of individual systems and the whole organism. Exercises performed during long-haul flights should create a positive emotional background and should not cause excessive fatigue. It is concluded that professional activity in civil aviation requires a whole range of physical and psycho-physiological characteristics that determine the aviation specialists’ readiness to perform professional tasks under normal and stress conditions. Goal-oriented physical training is the most effective way to increase human performance of aviation professionals.
5
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The use of didactic laws in the teaching of the physical elements involved in judo techniques

63%
Arziutov G., Iermakov S., Bartik P., Nosko M., Cynarski W. J.
Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
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2016
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vol. 16
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issue 4
21-30
EN
Purpose. The optimization of training judo practitioners in the techniques of the physical elements of judo based on the underlying principles and the informational-matrix training technology model, which was created to train sportspeople in motor skills. Methods. Two groups of students participated in the research: the experimental group (young men aged 18-20, n= 30) and a control group (young men aged 18-20, n=30). All the necessary procedures to verify the uniformity of the groups were conducted (p<0.05). The experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2014. We used statistical methods to determine the qualitative and quantitative indicators in the resulting research data of the research (X mean, t, p, s). Results. We substantiated the use of didactic laws in the training of Judo techniques. Adequate usage of goal-setting structural elements in the training of motor actions for the mastery of physical exercises was accentuated. The principle of functional redundancy and reliability in the execution of the Ura Nage throw was demonstrated. The possibility of applying didactic laws to training in counter attack for example, was shown. It was noted that when there was a high level of fatigue there was a reduction in the variability of effort differentiation. This phenomenon is recommended for use as a methodic technique in training and in the perfection of movements to increase their stability and reliability. We determined the degree of motor exercise mastery, which met its required outcome. A minimum number of exercise and cycle repetitions was set at an 80% skillfulness level (189- 504 repetitions and 3-8 cycles). Such an approach to mastering martial arts techniques reduced training time by between 2.97 and 7.96 times. Conclusions. One of main factors in perfecting the training process is a consideration of didactic laws, the sports practitioner’s individual features; his individual style. It is important to substantiate the optimal correlation of physical loads and a sports practitioner’s rest intervals.
PL
Cel. Optymalizacja treningu techniki ćwiczeń fizycznych w judo na podstawie praw dydaktycznych i matrycy informacyjnej modelu technologii szkolenia, stworzonej do treningu zdolności motorycznych sportowców. Metody. W badaniach uczestniczyły dwie grupy studentów: grupa eksperymentalna (chłopcy, w wieku 18-20, n = 30) oraz grupa kontrolna (chłopcy, w wieku 18- 20, n = 30). Wszystkie wymagane procedury weryfikacji jednorodności grup zostały przeprowadzone (p <0,05). Eksperyment odbył się w latach 2010-2014. Użyto metod statystycznych dla określenia jakościowych i ilościowych wskaźników otrzymanych wyników badań (średnia X, t, p, s). Wyniki. Uzasadniono stosowanie praw dydaktycznych w treningu technik judo. Podkreślone zostało odpowiednie wykorzystanie elementów konstrukcyjnych przy wyznaczaniu celów szkolenia w ćwiczeniach fizycznych. Przedstawiona została zasada redundancji funkcjonalnej i niezawodności w wykonywaniu rzutu Ura Nage, a także możliwość zastosowania praw dydaktycznych w treningu na przykładzie kontrataku. Zauważono także, że przy wysokim stopniu zmęczenia zmienność różnicowania się wysiłku zostaje zmniejszona. Zjawisko to jest zalecane do stosowania, jako technika metodyczna w treningu i doskonaleniu ruchów w celu zwiększenia ich stabilności i wiarygodności. Autorzy stwierdzili stopień opanowania ćwiczeń motorycznych, które spełniły bezwarunkowo swoje zadanie. Ustalona została minimalna ilość ćwiczeń i cykli powtórzeń wymaganych by osiągnąć sprawność na poziomie 80% (189-504 powtórzeń i 3-8 cykli). Takie podejście do opanowania technik sztuk walki oszczędza czas treningu od 2,97 do 7,96 razy. Wnioski. Jednym z głównych czynników procesu szkolenia doskonałości sportowej jest uwzględnienie przepisów dydaktycznych, indywidualnych cech sportowca i jego indywidualnego stylu. Ważne jest, aby uzasadnić optymalną korelację obciążeń fizycznych i przerw na odpoczynek dla sportowców.
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Wpływ uczestnictwa w treningu zdrowotnym na koncentrację oraz sprawność funkcjonalną starszych kobiet

63%
Mętel S., Gruchała Anna G., Szczygieł E.
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
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2012
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issue 2
33-47
EN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical exercises on concentration and functional efficiency in elderly women. The subjects consisted of 56 women, age ranged from 60-83 years. Participants were divided into study group, which consisted of 26 women participating in gymnastics classes and control group, which consisted of 30 not physically active women. The tests which were carried out: the test of attention d2, the modified get up and go test for 10 meters, 30-second chair test and evaluation of the upper body agility. The study was conducted in Krakow in the period from November 2009 to January 2010.Women with high levels of concentration represented 39% of test group and 8% of control group (p<0,001). The time of modified get up and go test for 10 meters is on average 1.53 seconds shorter in the study group than in the control group. The average number of cycles of standing up-sitting was 19.07 ± 3,98 in the study group and 15,64 ± 2,89 in control group. The average result of the assessment upper body agility in the study group was 1.98 cm and 7.5 cm in the control group. Participation in physical training signifi cantly affects the maintenance of good parameters of concentration and functional efficiency in elderly women
PL
Celem pracy była ocena wpływu uczestnictwa w treningu zdrowotnym na zdolność koncentracji oraz sprawność funkcjonalną starszych kobiet. Do badania zakwalifikowano 56 mieszkanek Krakowa w wieku od 60 do 83 lat życia. Grupę badaną stanowiło 26 uczestniczek zorganizowanych zajęć gimnastyki zdrowotnej. Do grupy kontrolnej włączono 30 seniorek, które deklarowały brak uczestnictwa w ćwiczeniach fizycznych. W ramach eksperymentu przeprowadzono: Test badania uwagi d2, Zmodyfikowany test wstań i idź na 10 metrów, 30-sekundowy test wstawania z krzesła, ocenę gibkości górnej części ciała, oraz kwestionariusz samooceny wieku biologicznego w odniesieniu do wyglądu zewnętrznego i stanu psychofizycznego. Badania prowadzono od listopada 2009 do stycznia 2010 r. Osoby z wysokim poziomem koncentracji według kryterium Testu d2 stanowiły 39% kobiet z grupy badanej i 8% z grupy kontrolnej (p<0,001). Średni czas wykonania Testu wstań i idź na 10 metrów w grupie badanej był krótszy o 1,53 sekundy w porównaniu do grupy kontrolnej. W grupie badanej średnia liczba powtórzeń czynności wstawania i siadania na krześle w ciągu 30 sekund wyniosła 19,07 ± 3,98, a w grupie kontrolnej 15,64 ± 2,89. Średni wynik oceny gibkości górnej części ciała w grupie badanej wyniósł 1,98 cm, a w grupie kontrolnej 7,5 cm. Osoby z grupy badanej oceniły swój wiek biologiczny jako niższy średnio o 3 lata od wieku kalendarzowego w porównaniu do osób z grupy kontrolnej. Wyniki badań wskazują, że systematyczne uczestnictwo w zajęciach treningu zdrowotnego wpływa korzystnie na utrzymanie dobrych parametrów zdolności koncentracji starszych kobiet.
7
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Stanovlenie i razvitie fizicheskogo vospitanija v stranakh Azii (na primere Kitaja, Indii, Japonii)

51%
Wilczkowski E., Pasicznik W.
Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe
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2019
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vol. 2
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issue 3
11-22
RU
На каждом историческом этапе физическая культура, как составная часть общей культуры общества, претерпевает изменения в зависимости от возможностей, которые создаются для ее развития определенной общественной формацией. Одновременно человечество получает в наследие ее культурные ценности, которые были созданы на ранних исторических этапах развития общества: научные знания о закономерностях физического совершенствования человека; формы, средства и методы физического воспитания; материально-техническая база для занятий физической культуры и др. Данная статья посвящена возникновению и развитию физического воспитания в Китае, Японии и Индии. Авторы сосредоточили свое внимание на главных направлениях и формах становления физического воспитания и роли в его развитии национальных традиций в этих древних обществах. В отличии от цели и средств, которые использовались на Западе, в физическом воспитании восточных стран была своя концепция: улучшить психофизическое состояние человека и гармонизировать его с окружающей природой. Именно на Востоке, в Индии, Китае, Японии возникли оригинальные методики совершенствования психофизической регуляции организма (хатка-йога, ушу, тай-чи, цигун, шао-линь и др.), которые использовались в разных формах: релаксация, концентрация, медитация и др. Направленность физического воспитания в этих древних обществах обеспечивала прикладное использование средств физической культуры в будущей – взрослой жизни.
PL
Na każdym etapie dziejowym system wychowania fizycznego ulega zmianom w zależności od warunków, które są tworzone przez daną społeczność. Jednocześnie ludzkość otrzymuje jako spadek te wartości kulturowe, które powstały na wcześniejszych etapach dziejowych rozwoju społeczeństwa (wiedza naukowa o prawidłowościach rozwoju fizycznego człowieka; aprobacja praktyki przez formy, środki i metody wychowania fizycznego; materialno-techniczna baza dla uprawiania kultury fizycznej i rekreacji sportowej). Artykuł jest poświęcony powstawaniu i rozwojowi wychowania fizycznego w Chinach, Ja-ponii i Indiach. Autorzy koncentrują się na głównych kierunkach i formach wychowania fi-zycznego oraz jego roli w rozwoju tradycji narodowych owych starożytnych społeczeństw. W odróżnieniu od celu i środków, które wykorzystywano na Zachodzie, w wychowaniu fizycz-nym krajom Wschodu przyświecał inny cel – doskonalenie psychofizycznego zdrowia czło-wieka oraz jego harmonia z naturą. Właśnie na Wschodzie, w Indiach, Chinach, Japonii, powstały oryginalne metodyki psy-chofizycznej regulacji funkcjonowania organizmu (hatha-joga, wuszu, tajczi, cigun i itd.), któ-re były wykorzystywane w różnych formach: relaksacja, koncentracja, medytacja itd. Tak funkcjonujące wychowanie fizyczne zapewniało praktyczne wykorzystanie środków w co-dziennym i przyszłym życiu dorosłym.
EN
At each historical stage, physical culture as an integral part of the overall culture of society, undergoes, depending on the possibilities that are created for its development by a particular formation. At the same time, humanity inherits its cultural values, which were created at the early historical stages of the development of society: scientific knowledge of the laws of physical improvement of man; forms, means and methods of physical education; material and technical base for physical education classes etc. This article is devoted to the emergence and development of physical education on China, Japan and India. The authors focused their attention on the main directions and forms of physical education and the role in its development of national traditions in these ancient socie-ties. Unlike the purpose and means used in the West, the physical education of the eastern countries had its own concept to improve the psychophysical state of a person and to harmo-nize it with the surrounding nature. It was in the East, in India, China, Japan, that original methods for improving the psycho-physical regulation of the body (hutka joga, wushu, tai chi, qigong, shao-lin, ets.) arose, which were used in various forms: relaxation, concertation, meditation and etc. The orientation of physical education in these ancient societies ensured the application of the means of physical culture in the future – adult life.
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