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Czy siła grawitacji działa na odległość?

100%
Janusz R.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
|
2005
|
issue 37
15-31
PL
The second Law of Newton's dynamics could be regarded as a research program: by investigating momentum change, one is able to obtain simple formulae for expressing the physical force. However, such a program is unrealistic because of the problem with defining the concept of inertial system. Einstein has solved this problem in his general theory of relativity. In this theory, Gravity is not a force but rather the geometry of the world. It does not act at a distance, but determines local motions of masses. Einstein's research program consisted in a bold hypothesis in the field of mathematical physics rather than in any mathematization of observational results. The second Law of Newton's dynamics could be regarded as a research program: by investigating momentum change, one is able to obtain simple formulae for expressing the physical force. However, such a program is unrealistic because of the problem with defining the concept of inertial system. Einstein has solved this problem in his general theory of relativity. In this theory, Gravity is not a force but rather the geometry of the world. It does not act at a distance, but determines local motions of masses. Einstein's research program consisted in a bold hypothesis in the field of mathematical physics rather than in any mathematization of observational results.
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Legalność stosowania środków przymusu bezpośredniego w kontekście gwarancji konstytucyjnych Studium proceduralno-prawne

84%
Kubanek A.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2012
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vol. 1
175-189
EN
State bodies have a right to resort to state compulsion, i.e. to a group of compulsion means which are an attribute of the state only. One of the most severe forms of state compulsion is direct compulsion which is applied predominantly by public officials in order to protect the rights and liberty of an individual and to ensure public safety. These means are designed to force a person to subordination to the commands based on law, which may entail the use of physical force. The purpose of this paper is to present the procedure and rules of using direct compulsion means and to discuss the level of legal interference in the individual’s rights and liberty.
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