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Substance use and misuse in the Croatian Army Special Forces: prevalence and influencing factors

100%
Sekulic D., Milanovic I., Bok D., Matika D.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2014
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vol. 27
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issue 1
123-131
EN
Objectives: In addition to being a serious health-hazard, substance-use-and-misuse (SUM) in military forces negatively infl uences physical fi tness and army readiness. The aim of this study was to defi ne the prevalence of SUM, which includes cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and multiple SUM (i.e. practice of daily smoking and harmful alcohol drinking), and factors infl uencing SUM in the Croatian Special Army Forces (SAF). Materials and Methods: We studied 73 SAF members. A self-administered validated questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographic and military-professionrelated data, and SUM factors. The associations between studied variables were established by the Chi² test, and forward conditional logistic regression (FCLR). Results: With less than 40% of daily smokers, smoking was within expected values. Almost 80% of the examinees reported no binge drinking, while 54% reported harmful drinking according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identifi cation Test scale. Paternity and education level were negatively associated with daily smoking, while higher incidence of daily smoking was found for privates and those who practiced harmful drinking (all at p < 0.05). The FCLR demonstrated a higher risk of harmful alcohol consumption for younger commissioned offi cers (OR for military rank = 5.54, 95% CI: 2.19-13.99; OR for age = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.95). Conclusion: Although SUM incidence was not alarming compared to the overall population and the previously reported military data, additional efforts are necessary in order to decrease cigarette consumption. The study showed that protective/risk structure of the substance misuse in the military should be investigated specifi cally with regard to particular military services, corps, and socio-cultural environment.
2

ДИНАМІКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВЛЕНОСТІ ДІТЕЙ, ЯКІ ЗАЙМАЮТЬСЯ СПОРТИВНИМИ ЄДИНОБОРСТВАМИ, НА ЕТАПІ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ

86%
Скиба О.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2015
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issue 6(50)
32-38
EN
The estimation of growth indicators of physical readiness of children engaged in combat sports, at the stage of initial training is produced. For estimation of physical readiness testing was conducted on the physical qualities of children in accordance with the state program on physical education for secondary schools. Among 53.85±4.41 % of persons five-year-old registered low power capabilities, while the share of the investigated six- (38.0±4.29 %) and seven-year-old (34.0±4.19 %) with a low level is significantly lower, (p<0.05). Among the children, who began to engage in combat sports at the age of five, reliable changes of physical readiness are observed only in the development of flexibility (+1.37±0.41 cm, p<0,001). Among six- and seven-year-old children increase of strength abilities that characterize the special physical fitness at the stage of initial training is +3.0 ±0.85 times and +2.92±0.43 times, p<0.001, respectively, and is higher than rates growth of five-year-old contingent (+1.05±0.64 times, (p>0.05). Among this group positive changes in the development of speed-power abilities have been noted that are an important component of physical readiness of wrestlers in achievement high sports results. Their absolute increase of +2.92±1.11 cm and +3.36±1.60 cm, (p <0.001). The analysis of initial indicators of physical readiness of young athletes and their changes under the influence of specific physical activity identified favorable age to start regular exercise of combat sports, which is 6 – 7 years. Early sports specialization and increase in physical activity at the stage of initial training can be one of the key factors results in cessation of growth stages of sports perfection and higher sport craftsmanship. Prospects for further research are the development of measures of optimization of training process of children who are engaged in Combat Sports at the stage of initial training.
3

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОРФОФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СТАТУСУ ТА ФІЗИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВЛЕНОСТІ ЮНИХ СПОРТСМЕНІВ РІЗНИХ СОМАТОТИПІВ

86%
Скиба О., Дмитрук С.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2016
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issue 3(57)
276-284
EN
Morphofunctional status of children is a prognostic factor sports fitness, since it characterizes an individual development of the body and overall health. The aim is to determine the morphofunctional characteristics of children, who are engaged in cyclic kind of sports and to assess their impact on the indicators of success of the sports activity. The study methods are anthropometric, functional, mathematical and statistical methods. The result is an assessment of morphofunctional indicators of children, who are engaged in cyclic kind of sports depending on their somatotype. Among the surveyed contingent the advantage of mezosomal somatotype (55.56±4.99%) is observed. The percentage of children with microsomal type in the general structure of somatotypes is amounted 25.25±4.37%, respectively to 19.19±3.96% of children was classified as macrosomal type. Among the most representatives of microsomal somatotype (69.23±4.64%) a low level of development of strength abilities and the average level of physical performance (52.0±5.02%) is identified. The high level of physical performance was peculiar only for representatives of mezosomal somatotype (3.64±1.88%), also was observed among them the largest number of children with a satisfactory adaptation (10.53±3.09%). The least favorable in terms vegetative regulation there were children with macrosomal somatotype. Among certain groups of children in 44.27±4.99% sympathicotonia was noted, in 38.43±4.89% - vagotonia, which indicates the stress mechanisms of autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm. It was found that among those nine years, the growth of the indicators of special physical fitness was 0.25±0.10 (p <0.05), whereas among children of eight and ten years, the changes in the development of endurance were somewhat smaller (0.15±0.41 c and to -0.20±0,09 c, respectively). Somatotypological characteristics of the young athletes have the greatest impact on growth velocity (19.97%; F=11.36; p<0.001) and endurance (16.72%; F=9.13, p<0.001). The contribution of the somatotype performance in speed-strength abilities and strength is smaller and amounts to 8.56; F=4.26, p<0.01 and 4.94%; F=2.36, p<0.01, respectively.
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