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SCAFFOLDING THE WRITING COMPONENT OF THE ENGLISH FOR LAW SYLLABUS AT UNIVERSITY

100%
Łuczak A.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2013
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vol. 34
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issue 1
93-111
EN
The present paper is intended to be a practical guide for teachers who need to run writing for law classes for pre-experienced law students with no or little experience of academic or legal writing. It provides the teachers with advice on how to teach students to draft modern documents by sequencing and selecting the content that reflects the needs of practising lawyers. It shows how legal writing stems from academic and general writing. Overlapping or common elements of academic and legal writing are identified and sequenced in order to create an introductory base for writing for legal purposes. Types of texts that lawyers draft have been selected and used as the scaffold- ing for writing tasks specially designed to suit the students’ proficiency and expertise.
2
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Plain Language in the Czech Republic, the UK, and the US: An Analysis of Tax Return Instructions

84%
Dvořáková E.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 1
7-19
EN
Over the past 50 years, plain language has been an important topic in English-speaking countries, finding its way particularly into legal and official documents. Curiously, plain language has never been a widely discussed topic in the Czech Republic. It would therefore be interesting to see whether Czech tax return instructions (which are, after all, addressed to the wide public) display any plain language features, in comparison with their British and US counterparts. The present contribution aims to compare tax return instructions from the UK, US, and the Czech Republic in terms of their readability (using readability measures), sentence length, passive constructions, certain personal pronouns (you and we), nominalisations (with the -ion suffix), and lexical richness (type-token ratio). For the purposes of the analysis, the official English translation of the Czech tax return instructions has been used so that the comparisons can be made within one language. The results have confirmed the initial hypothesis that the Czech tax return instructions are not compliant with plain language rules.
CS
V posledních padesáti letech se v anglo-americkém prostředí věnuje velká pozornost tzv. „plain language“ (srozumitelnému jazyku), a to zejména v souvislosti s právnickými a úředními dokumenty. V České republice toto téma doposud velký zájem nevzbudilo. Bylo by proto zajímavé zjistit, zda české pokyny k vyplnění daňového přiznání (které jsou určeny široké veřejnosti) dodržují určitá standardní pravidla pro srozumitelný jazyk formulovaná v anglicky mluvících zemích a zda je jazyk těchto pokynů srovnatelný s podobnými texty ze Spojeného království a USA. Cílem této studie je tedy porovnat pokyny k vyplnění daňového přiznání z ČR, Spojeného království a USA pokud jde o jejich čitelnost (s použitím měřítek čitelnosti), průměrnou délku vět, použití trpného rodu, osobní zájmena (vy a my), nominalizace (anglická slova s příponou -ion) a lexikální bohatost. Vzhledem k odlišnému charakteru češtiny a angličtiny byl pro český text použit jeho oficiální překlad do angličtiny, aby bylo srovnání provedeno v rámci jednoho jazyka. Výsledky analýzy potvrzují původní hypotézu, že české pokyny nejsou v souladu s pravidly pro srozumitelný jazyk (plain language).
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