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Ochrona i wykorzystanie roślinnych zasobów genowych. Wybrane aspekty prawne

100%
Gała P.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
|
2012
|
vol. 10
489-502
EN
The issue of protection and use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture is governed by the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) prepared in Rome on 3 November, 2001. The Republic of Poland ratified the Treaty on 15 October, 2004, which came into force towards our country on 8 May, 2005. This paper is purposed to search the answer the question: is the Treaty composed of a set of norms covering measures sufficiently adequate, unambiguous and accurate to make a source of legal instruments to discharge the obligations specified above, or does the Treaty constitute merely certain legal frameworks, within which its signatories should move using institutions of the internal law (or creating them). If the Treaty subject to analysis constitute merely legal frameworks to discharge the obligations under the Treaty, then do the Polish legislation and the European Union legislation applied directly allow to implement the Treaty provisions in practice (as a whole or in a part). Finally, if operating rules of the law (regulations, the European Union law) do not allow to implement the Treaty provisions in a whole or in a part, then is it necessary to enact a new comprehensive regulation creating a legal instrument purposed to implement the aim, or will modification of the existing legal regulation be sufficient (if any, then in what scope). Answering the above questions it is necessary to concern the position of the international agreements in the Polish legal order, and next to determine what type of norms of the international law we deal with regard to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Only examination of the key issues mentioned above allows to indicate what specific regulations of the Polish national law provide implementation of the Treaty provisions, and in what aspect the changes required within a scope of this legislation should proceed, or in what aspect creation of new legal instruments in the Polish legal order is necessary.
2
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Legal Protection of Traditional Agricultural Knowledge Relating to Genetic Resources

63%
Gała P.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
|
2020
|
vol. 29
|
issue 2
EN
Traditional knowledge, including genetic resources of living organisms, especially plants, plays an extremely important role also in the development of modern science and present-day industry. This prompts us to consider the need, scope, and model of legal protection for such knowledge, both for the needs of the communities that create and cultivate it and for the wider public good. The present article includes an analysis of international legal regulations concerning the protection of traditional knowledge, with particular emphasis on the knowledge related to genetic resources, as well as legal works in this field. The considerations cover issues related to the development of the conceptual framework of such legal norms and the foundations of the legal protection of traditional knowledge, in particular the arguments concerning the need for such protection. The article also presents the basic types of intellectual property rights that can be the basis for legal protection of traditional knowledge.
PL
Tradycyjna wiedza, w tym dotycząca zasobów genetycznych żywych organizmów, w szczególności roślin, odgrywa niezwykle istotną rolę także w rozwoju współczesnej nauki i współczesnego przemysłu. Skłania to do podjęcia rozważań dotyczących potrzeby, zakresu oraz modelu ochrony prawnej takiej wiedzy, zarówno dla potrzeb społeczności, które wiedzę taką tworzą i kultywują, jak i dla szeroko pojmowanego dobra ogółu. Artykuł obejmuje analizę międzynarodowych regulacji prawnych poświęconych problematyce ochrony tradycyjnej wiedzy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wiedzy związanej z zasobami genetycznymi, a także prac prawotwórczych w tej dziedzinie. Rozważania dotyczą kwestii kształtowania się siatki pojęciowej takich norm prawa oraz fundamentów ochrony prawnej tradycyjnej wiedzy, zwłaszcza argumentacji dotyczącej potrzeby takiej ochrony. Przedstawiono też podstawowe rodzaje praw własności intelektualnej, które mogą stanowić podstawę ochrony prawnej tradycyjnej wiedzy.
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