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EN
One of the characteristics of the 15th–16th-century pre-Reformation sacral art in southern central Europe, as well as in the Netherlands and Italy, is the multitude of natural plant depictions. Depending on the artists and subjects of paintings, plant depictions could, similarly to animal depictions, fulfil the roles of attributes, allegorical and metaphorical devices and/or to represent various landscapes. The appearance and properties of plants, their habitats and usage are the fundamental features of plant symbolism. Plant names in late medieval and early modern period herbals is another important clue for understanding the meaning of vegetation shown in the context of landscapes. Natural plants in pre-Reformation art, as interpreted here, represent the syncretism of Christian and folk belief in mundane and spiritual life. The richness of popular elements in Christian art and their interpretation, however, was a reason for the discontinuation of the same pictorial tradition and its replacement by another, suppressed into institutional frames and more controlled by the authorities.
PL
The article presents, on the basis of elderberries, birch, St. John’s wort, yarrow, poppy, mint, wormwood, various rituals. The article also contains folk descriptions of plants, combined with the Polish literary language and Latin names. nettle using the aforementioned plants in magical practices, religious beliefs and superstitions connected with family traditions in Hajnówka District. A special attention is paid to the positive and negative influence of plants, for instance hanging elder over the door to ward off bad powers. It has been stated that members of old generations still use the majority of the described plants in various rituals. The article also contains folk descriptions of plants, combined with the Polish literary language and Latin names.
Poradnik Językowy
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2022
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vol. 791
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issue 2
103-112
EN
Shepherd’s purse is a common weed in Poland. Its various colloquial and dialectal names can be found in the literature dedicated to herbalism, yet there is no linguistic study on this subject. This issue is discussed in this paper. Using an online survey, the contemporary Polish names of the plant have been collected. The material is composed of 33 names analysed in terms of classifi cation into variants of Polish, geographical distribution, semantic motivation. A unit used within a limited geographical area is chleb babajagi, with its centre in Greater Poland. The names chlebek świętojański, Boży chlebek, babi chlebek, chleb, chlebek, chlebki are colloquial in turn.
EN
The article analyses plant names in Hausa from an ethno-linguistic point of view. Plant names, which are lexical compounds, nominal or verbal phrases, were collated in terms of their look, function and area of distribution in order to identity the factors influencing the naming process. The main sources of analysis were Hausa language dictionaries, medical articles and my own knowledge and expertise regarding Hausa culture. All the collected data were then consulted with a native speaker of the Hausa language to confirm the precision of the findings.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present and discuss several dialect plant names from the „plant word” thematic field in the speech of the Poles of Lviv region. These are lexical units having no equivalents in other regions of the country or having them in an incomplete range of meaning. The lexis of the dialect in the studied Polish language is also subjected to various foreign influeces, which also must be taken into account when reconstructing the processes that shape the given form in Polish dialects. The generational breakdown shows that dialect plant names in their local meaning will cause significant difficulties for dialect users over time.
EN
The aim of the article is to investigate the origin of the Polish dialectal name odolan, which refers to valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.). On the basis of historical‑comparative analysis of the Slavic language material, it can be concluded that the name odolan is probably a late borrowing from Ukrainian dialects. It is related to the Proto‑Slavic form *odolěn, which is a derivative of the verb *odolěti ‘to defeat, to win’, derived from the Proto‑Slavic *dolja ‘success or failure, good or bad fate, destiny’. The Proto‑Slavic form *odolěn is motivated by the widely known healing and magical properties of valerian, but it is not a calque of Med. Lat. valeriana, because this Latin name is unlikely to be related to the verb valēre ‘to be strong, powerful; have an advantage, dominate’, and is most likely an adjectival derivative from the name of the Roman province of Valeria.
EN
This paper discusses the names of the plants in three-word compounds. The research material was taken from Pflanzennamen und botanischeFachwörter. BotanischesLexikon by Rudolf Schubert and Günther Wagner. The names of the plants were evaluated according to the criterion of the two-word structure of each compound. In this way, the analyzed names were divided into two groups with the following structures: 1. Basic word + compound 2. Compound + basic word The groups were then analyzed in terms of form and semantics. As far as form is concerned, it has been found that in the majority of cases the compounds are composed of nouns and rarely of other speech elements. Concerning semantics, it is interesting that in the second group, i.e. compound + basic word, both components of the compound belong almost exclusively to the same thematic groups.
10
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Nazwiska w nazwach roślin

51%
Onomastica
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2017
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vol. 61
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issue 2
401-412
EN
The article offers an insight into the plant names connected with surnames. There are four general groups of such plant names: 1) Latin scientific names with abbreviations of botanists’ surnames, 2) L L atin scientific names containing references to surnames, 3) names of plants containing surnames, 4) plant names derived from surnames. The last group is particularly interesting because it is the most variegated. What is more, these names do not “betray” the surnames at first glance. The plant names and their analysis show that scientific botanical names are often motivated by surnames. Such names become a peculiar monument to certain individuals, in the great majority of botanists who are well-deserved in research on particular species of plants. The names of people outside of the sphere of botanic research are quite rarely the motivation of plant names. It can also be stated that the plant names connected with surnames usually refer to genera and species that are relatively late-discovered and described (often also newly-grown ornamental plants), so they are usually exotic, and native to sparsely populated areas.
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